Anthocyanins in Leaves and Other Vegetative Organs: An Introduction

Although anthocyanins are most recognized as pigments contributing to coloration in fruits and flowers, they are also present in leaves and other vegetative organs. Although their presence has long been recognized, particularly because of their contribution to autumn coloration, the phenomenon has been poorly studied and is not well understood. In this chapter we review the history of research on anthocyanins in leaves, emphasizing the flurry of research at the end of the 19 th century as well as the growing body of contemporary research on the topic. We emphasize the various hypotheses of anthocyanin function that were mainly developed more than a century ago, and emphasize recent research that takes advantage of our dramatically increased understanding of whole plant physiology.

Toward Prevention of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Preschoolers’ Knowledge of Genital Body Parts

This study examined preschool children’s knowledge of their genital and non-genital body parts. Results indicated that almost all preschool children knew the correct terms for their non-genital body parts, but few knew the correct terminology for their genitals. The importance of this skill in preventing childhood sexual abuse is discussed.

Genital human papillomavirus: Women's knowledge and attitudes of this sexually transmitted disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate women's knowledge and attitudes regarding genital human papillomavirus (n=100). Using a descriptive design, the Health Education Questionnaire was administered to 100 female patients (Mean Age = 33, SD = 7.17) at a physicians office in South Florida. The results indicated a lack of knowledge regarding genital human papillomavirus with 21 patients (21%) reported having knowledge and 79 (79%) having never heard of this disease. In addition, the group familiar with genital human papillomavirus also possessed a low level of knowledge with only 57% acknowledging an association of genital human papillomavirus and cervical cancer, 52% aware that a pap smear can detect the virus, 42% knowing that antibiotics can not treat the disease and 57% aware that it is not associated with a family history. An association was found between attitudes and health seeking behaviors. Subjects stating that they would take all measures to prevent genital human papillomavirus, were more likely to have a pap smear within the last year (Chi-square (1) = 4.33, p < .05). Higher levels of education and income were associated with increased knowledge regarding genital human papillomavirus when subjects were categorized according to sociodemographic characteristic (Chi-square (1) =9.45, p < .05; Chi-square (1) = 6.75, p < .05). There was no significant correlation between knowledge and ethnicity, marital status or age. Findings indicated the need for improved education and promotion of positive attitudes regarding human papillomaviurs in order to improve health seeking behaviors among women.