Obtenção de triacetato de celulose a partir do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar para revestimento de micropartículas de goma gelana e avaliação do seu perfil de liberação in vitro e da mucoadesão ex vivo

Oral route of administration is considered to be the most comfortable, safe and greater adaptation for patients. But, oral route presents some disadvantages such as drugs bioavailability and side effects on the stomach. Some technologies are studied to soften and/or resolve these problems, such as coating with polymeric films, which are able to protect the pharmaceutical form of the acid stomachic environment and to act in the drug release, and mucoadhesive systems, which allow the pharmaceutical form remains a greater time interval in the intestine, increasing the effectiveness of the drug. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) films were produced from cellulose extracted from sugar cane bagasse. The films were prepared with different morphologies (with and without water, acting as non-solvent) and concentrations (3, 6.5 and 10%) of CTA and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor permeability (WVP), puncture resistance (PR), enzymatic digestion (DE), and mucoadhesive force evaluation (MF). Microscopy showed the formation of symmetric and asymmetric morphologies. WVP data showed that more concentrated films have higher values for WVP; moreover, asymmetric films had higher values than symmetric films. PR measurements showed that symmetric membranes are more resistant than asymmetric ones. More concentrated films were also more puncture resistant, except for symmetric membranes with CTA concentrations of 6.5 and 10% that did not show significant differences. All of the films presented large mucoadhesive capacities independent of their morphology and CTA concentration. From the results of WVP and RP, a symmetric filme with 6.5% CTA showed better ability and mechanical resistance, therefore, was selected to serve as coating of gellan gum (GG) particles incorporating ketoprofen (KET), which was confirmed by SEM. The selected film presented low values in measurements of the swelling index (SI) and in a dissolution test (DT). TGA analysis showed that the CTA coating does not influence the thermal stability of the particles and there is no incompatibility evidence between CTA, GG and KET. Coated particles released 100% of the ketoprofen in 24 h, while uncoated particles released the same amount in 4 h. The results of this study highlight the potential of CTA in the development of new controlled oral delivery systems.

Saúde da população “trans”: uma revisão sistemática da produção teórica brasileira

This dissertation analyzed the existing work on travestility and transsexuality whose problematic research focused on issues related to health and / or health services. For this purpose, a Literature Review Systematized Descriptive in virtual databases was performed: Bank of Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination Thesis (CAPES), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Scielo and PubMed, between the years 1997 and 2014 in Brazil. We used the search terms "transsexual," "transvestite" and "transgender", each associated with the search term "health", in Portuguese and English. Complementing this search, we used the Documentary Analysis methodology to assess pamphlets productions, institutional documents and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which were incorporated into the discussion. 295 papers were identified, among theses, dissertations and scientific articles. Of these, 223 were excluded and 72 selected for analysis. Thus, it obtained five theses and dissertations 21 on the topic of travestility and 7 theses and dissertations 9 that deal with transsexuality. Among the selected papers, 16 deal with transsexuality and health, 5 address the issue of travestility and health and work, 9 refer to the term "transgender" and "health". Even though it is an emerging field of research, there is an apparent deviation of the speech, previously anchored in questions whose topics are related to confrontation, infection or illness by HIV / AIDS (level of specialized care) for discussions on the health care for transsexuals in the process (level of specialized care). Still, few papers have specific trans attention in primary care associated with a comprehensive health care, with the empowerment of individuals, respecting the power of life, which are configured as important issues for the Public Policy on Health today.