Propagação in vitro de barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.)

Savannah is the second biome in biodiversity in Brazil, presenting great vegetation endemism. Dipteryx alata Vog. (Fabaceae), native from this biome, is an economically important species, with an incipient market due to the lack of commercial plantations. This highlights the need to develop and provide the basis for the domestication of this species. Thus, this study determined the best conditions for in vitro establishment, multiplication, elongation and rooting of stem tips of D. alata plantlets grown vitro. Two culture media (MS and WPM) were evaluated in different salt concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) for plantlet establishment. Four concentrations of 6– Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L-1) amended with 0.25 mg L-1 naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) were studied for multiplication. Simultaneous elongation and rooting were studied with four concentrations of NAA (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L-1) together with 0.5 mg L-1 IBA. The variables analyzed were: shoot length (CPA), root length (CP), fresh matter (MF), dry matter (MSC), stem diameter (DC) and number of leaves (NF), 120 days after inoculation, with the exception of number of shoots, which was evaluated in the multiplication stage only. The medium MS at the original salt concentration (100%) was effective for the in vitro establishment of E. alata, resulting in greater root length (27.65 cm) and number of leaves per plantlet (26.0). The concentration of 4 mg L-1 BAP was the best one for multiplication; however, greater concentrations can boost multiplication. The effect of NAA and IBA were noticeable on in vitro elongation and rooting, with best CPA (3.14 cm) and CR (15.84 cm). Therefore, it is possible to state that the medium MS increases the success probability of in vitro establishment of stem tips of Dipteryx alata. NAA concentrations below 3 mg L-1 were favorable for in vitro development of the species, with essential characteristics for acclimatization success|.

Obtenção de triacetato de celulose a partir do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar para revestimento de micropartículas de goma gelana e avaliação do seu perfil de liberação in vitro e da mucoadesão ex vivo

Oral route of administration is considered to be the most comfortable, safe and greater adaptation for patients. But, oral route presents some disadvantages such as drugs bioavailability and side effects on the stomach. Some technologies are studied to soften and/or resolve these problems, such as coating with polymeric films, which are able to protect the pharmaceutical form of the acid stomachic environment and to act in the drug release, and mucoadhesive systems, which allow the pharmaceutical form remains a greater time interval in the intestine, increasing the effectiveness of the drug. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) films were produced from cellulose extracted from sugar cane bagasse. The films were prepared with different morphologies (with and without water, acting as non-solvent) and concentrations (3, 6.5 and 10%) of CTA and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor permeability (WVP), puncture resistance (PR), enzymatic digestion (DE), and mucoadhesive force evaluation (MF). Microscopy showed the formation of symmetric and asymmetric morphologies. WVP data showed that more concentrated films have higher values for WVP; moreover, asymmetric films had higher values than symmetric films. PR measurements showed that symmetric membranes are more resistant than asymmetric ones. More concentrated films were also more puncture resistant, except for symmetric membranes with CTA concentrations of 6.5 and 10% that did not show significant differences. All of the films presented large mucoadhesive capacities independent of their morphology and CTA concentration. From the results of WVP and RP, a symmetric filme with 6.5% CTA showed better ability and mechanical resistance, therefore, was selected to serve as coating of gellan gum (GG) particles incorporating ketoprofen (KET), which was confirmed by SEM. The selected film presented low values in measurements of the swelling index (SI) and in a dissolution test (DT). TGA analysis showed that the CTA coating does not influence the thermal stability of the particles and there is no incompatibility evidence between CTA, GG and KET. Coated particles released 100% of the ketoprofen in 24 h, while uncoated particles released the same amount in 4 h. The results of this study highlight the potential of CTA in the development of new controlled oral delivery systems.