Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes e a eficácia discursiva de sua intepretação histórica: reflexões sobre história e historiografia do cinema brasileiro

We intend with this research to contribute to the contemporary debate pertinent to the history of Brazilian cinema, its historiography and its writing procedures. Thereunto, we sustain the view that the historical interpretation composed by the essays Panorama do Cinema Brasileiro: 1896/1966 (1966) and Cinema: trajetória no subdesenvolvimento (1973) arranged by the critic and historian Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, due to their epistemological postulates and narrative strategies, constitutes a version about the history of national cinema of expressive discursive efficacy.

Eficácia política de uma crítica: Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes e a constituição de uma teia interpretativa da história do cinema brasileiro

This work aims to contribute to theoretical and methodological analysis of writing the history of Brazilian cinema. The object of this study the trilogy of articles in Cinema: the trajectory of underdevelopment regimented, the critic and historian Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes, seeks to understand the process of setting up a web interpretative history of our film based on this work and how to rescue its historicity.

A objetivação da linguagem no (con)texto do vestibular : mo(vi)mentos na história e no político

In this study, we join up in the theoretical assumptions of the French Discourse Analysis in order to analyze effects of the demand of objectification of language in the context of vestibular essays. More specifically, we analyze the operation of said objectification via discourses constructed by the traditional vestibular exam due to the requirement to have, in the students’ essays, paraphrases of statements from the motivating texts (TM) of the test in question. From our perspective, the objectification mechanism of language, the paraphrase, in the vestibular, its logic of clarity and non-contradiction of ideas, is made by (in)determination of senses in the order of its speech and, also, in its practice: the correction of the vestibular essay. Therefore, in spite of what is assumed as guarantee to language in the moment of the vestibular essay, we suggest there are regularization-recognition conflicts of same senses— the constitutive senses of TM — in the evaluative speech of two vestibular-essay correctors(CA and CB). These correctors, with their history of reading (grammar and Linguistic Textual), stress the concept of paraphrase taken by the vestibular instance for the correction of students’ essays. Such stress creates a dispute of speeches: the speech of knowledge (university policy) versus the speech of produce (neoliberal policy); the latter as reading policy that favors literal meanings, consensus. Because of all this, we question: what are the effects of senses produced in (and about) vestibular essays by the demand of determining of the saying there instituted? To answer this question, we build analysis from clippings of documents that regulate the vestibular exam (institutional texts) in our country and, also, analysis of two vestibular essays in which at times appear, at times not, according to the judgment of CA and CB of essays, paraphrases of TM statements of the essay. The analysis, in theory, punctuates effects of sense of the objectification process of the saying in vestibular, and primarily the rarefaction of legal-position subject-of-knowing by the current institution of the subject-of-making. Moreover, our work comprises affiliations of sense that relates to the subject-speech relationship in evaluative exercise of vestibular essays, on the question of authorship.

Enrofloxacina e toltrazuril reduzem a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em células trofoblásticas humanas e em explantes de vilos placentários humanos de terceiro trimestre

The classical treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis is based on combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine plus folinic acid. Due to teratogenic effects and bone marrow suppression caused by pyrimethamine, the establishment of new therapeutic targets is indispensable to minimize the undesirable effects and improve the control of the infection. Previous studies demonstrated that enrofloxacin and toltrazuril were able to control the infection triggered by Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, the aim of this present study was evaluate the efficacy of enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in the control of T. gondii proliferation in human trophoblast cells (BeWo lineage) and in human villous explants from third trimester. BeWo cells and villous were treated with several concentrations of enrofloxacin, toltrazuril, sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine or association (sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine) in other to verify their viability by MTT or LDH assay, respectively. Next, BeWo cells were infected with T. gondii RH (2F1 clone) or ME49 strain, whereas villous were infected only with RH strain (2F1 clone), after, both cells and villous were treated or not with the same antibiotics and analyzed to T. gondii intracellular proliferation by beta-galactosidase assay (for RH strain) or blue toluidine staining (for ME49 strain). ELISA was performed in the supernatant to evaluate the cytokine profile. Enrofloxacin and toltrazuril did not change strongly the viability in cells and villous. Furthermore, the drugs decreased the parasite intracellular proliferation regardless T. gondii strain in BeWo cells and villous explants when compared to untreated and infected conditions. In BeWo cells infected by RH, enrofloxacin induced high levels of IL-6 low levels of MIF, while both cytokines were upregulated by enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in BeWo cells infected by ME49 strain. Additionally, in villous explantes, enrofloxacin induced high MIF production. Thus, enrofloxacin and toltrazuril were able to control the parasitism in BeWo cells and villous explants, and probably it occurs by modulation of immune response in these cells or tissues and direct action on parasite, but future experiments are necessary to verify this hypothesis.

Estudo comparativo de dois conversores Boost quadrático com comutação suave monochaveados para aplicação de rastreamento de máxima potência em sistemas fotovoltaicos

This paper makes a comparative study of two Soft Single Switched Quadratic Boost Converters (SSS1 and SSS2) focused on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a PV array using Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The proposed converters maintain the static gain characteristics and dynamics of the original converter with the advantage of considerably reducing the switching losses and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). It is displayed the input voltage Quadratic Boost converter modeling; qualitative and quantitative analysis of soft switching converters, defining the operation principles, main waveforms, time intervals and the state variables in each operation steps, phase planes of resonant elements, static voltage gain expressions, analysis of voltage and current efforts in semiconductors and the operational curves at 200 W to 800 W. There are presented project of PI, PID and PID + Notch compensators for MPPT closed-loop system and resonant elements design. In order to analyze the operation of a complete photovoltaic system connected to the grid, it was chosen to simulate a three-phase inverter using the P-Q control theory of three-phase instantaneous power. Finally, the simulation results and experimental with the necessary comparative analysis of the proposed converters will be presented.