A descoberta do elétron como tema gerador de um ensino de física mediado por experimentação remota

In this work, we have proposed and applied a methodology for teaching electromagnetism, based on an experimental activity and designed in an investigative teaching model, and containing a high degree of dialogism among teachers and students. We have used the discovery of the electron as a generator theme and a remote experiment to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron as an educational resource. Our analyses indicate favorably towards the promotion of ways of appropriation of knowledge by the student, very different from those perceived in traditional expositive classes. Similarly, we find that the presence of a technological resource and an experimental activity create new posture of the teacher in the classroom, probably caused by the unpredictability of the results from the use of such resources. A challenge that we still need to solve is how to engage students in extra classroom tasks, since learning is not only effective in time for classes. We also present the weaknesses detected in our methodological proposal as well as implementations necessary in order to continue the validation process of this methodology.

Horta escolar: temas geradores e os momentos pedagógicos no ensino de ciências

Science application has faced problems in the process of training and cognizant thinking subjects in their actions. Thus, this work is justified in order to reorganize the contents of this area of knowledge. Thus, the research entitled "Plantation School: generating themes and teaching moments in teaching of science" was developed with a group of 6th grade of elementary school, from the planting of vegetables in tires without usefulness, with purpose of building meanings and scientific concepts to students. This work was based on sociointeractionist perspective of Vygotsky (1996, 1998), education for thematic research Freire (1983, 1996) as well as in problem-solving situations identified by the methodology of Pedagogical Moments Delizoicov and Angoti (1992; 2002 ) which together corroborated for the construction of a proposed teaching and learning, curriculum reorganization and significance of scientific concepts. Thus, the project breaks in practice with the linearity of the contents, to develop and analyze themes mediated by pedagogical moments, in order to ascertain the contribution of this methodological resource for the teacher's work, with regard to the understanding of scientific concepts by students. Thus, lesson plans were built based on the study situation "Horta School" and Themes Generators "human interaction with the environment", "photosynthesis", "Ecology and Nutrition of living beings", culminating in the work proposal developed in the classroom. From these themes, the contents were worked through pedagogical moments, which are organized into three stages: questioning, organization / systematization of knowledge and application / contextualization of knowledge. Thus, within each Theme Generator activities were planned which resulted in the involvement of students in learning scientific concepts, such as the issue of sustainability, environmental pollution, nutrition of living beings and the decomposition of organic matter. This work led and motivated student participation in Themes generators, and allows greater interaction between teacher-student and student among his peers, through dialogism established in the classroom, which promoted a more meaningful learning for students.