O produtor familiar na pecuária leiteira : limites e potencialidades

The technological change is nowadays, comprehended as a playing field which involves cultural and economic processes of appreciation and depreciation of the social aspects of family unit. The exclusion of small producers from the activity is used as an argument to characterize that in the contemporary intercapitalist competition, the family ways of production take up restrict social positions of a technical progress and of a cultural and economic appreciation. The state, a coparcener of the modernization process, has its relevance as a financing agent, a technical capacitor, an infrastructure propitiator, that is, through macro and microeconomic policies which can create sustainable conditions to permit, mainly, not only the family producer to be inserted in the activity, but, above all, to remain in it. This way, this study aims to identify and analyze the family producer, through its limits and potentialities, with a thesis that this would be the main agent responsible for boosting the Brazilian milk production in quantity and quality. Therefore, results were compared obtained from a field survey with data collection via semi-structured open interviews in a sample of 108 producers effectively respondents, namely: 59 family farmers with active DAP (research focus) and 49 employers producers the municipality of Monte Alegre de Minas - MG. Technological indices were used to identify the developmental stage of the producers, thus allowing a comparative study between them. The field research covered all rural municipality of Monte Alegre de Minas – MG and, the result found that the majority of family farmers presented lower rates than technological employers producers. However, it allowed us to state also that the producer family and assisted by public policies, can be the agent of transformation of dairy farming.

Escore de condição corporal e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras mestiças lactantes

The objective was to evaluate the effect of lactation order, racial composition and milk production in the body condition score (BCS) at prepartum and its variation at postpartum. Furthermore, evaluate the effect of BCS at prepartum and its variation at postpartum on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Data was collected, relating to 470 parturitions for two years at 3 properties in Gurinhatã-MG. Milk production was measured monthly and the evaluation of the BCS was made by a single individual in the prepartum and postpartum (from 1.0 to 5.0). Was used the conventional artificial insemination, timed artificial insemination and controlled ride. The pregnancy diagnosis was through rectal palpation from 40 days after the service. The variables were analyzed using the SAS GLIMMIX procedure. The racial composition affected the BCS at prepartum (P=0.0003). Milk production tended to affect the BCS at prepartum (P=0.0957) and its variation in postpartum (P=0.1179). The overall conception rate was 57.3% and was affected (P<0.0001) by type of service. There was no effect of the BCS in prepartum (P=0.1544) and the variation of BCS (P=0.3127) on conception rate. Had no effect of BCS interaction at prepartum (P=0.9516) and the variation of BCS (P=0.9506) with the type of service on conception rate. The BCS at prepartum affect the service period (P<0.0001). Cows with BCS less than 3.25 became pregnant earlier. The variation of the BCS affected the service period (P<0.0001). Cows with loss of ECC became pregnant earlier than cows without loss. The average loss of ECC at postpartum was -0.692 points, not enough to damage the reproductive performance of dairy cows.