Relação entre a cárie precoce da infância com o índice de Apgar e outros fatores de risco

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of early childhood caries (ECC) with the Apgar score (AS) and other variables related to the child (conditions at birth and medical history) and related to the child and parents and / or guardians and family (demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral). One hundred and twenty healthy children aged between 3-5 years-old treated by Pediatric Dentistry Area of Dentistry College of the Federal University of Uberlandia during 2015 were selected. To obtain qualitative and quantitative variables a questionnaire was applied as an interview to the parents and/or guardians. The 5-minute AS (interest exposure) was obtained through the record in the Child Health Handbook. To assess the prevalence of caries (clinical dependent variable), a single calibrated researcher conducted the clinical examination, according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. Caries experience was measured using the indexes dmft and dmfs. The children were classified into three groups, according to age and dmfs index: no caries (NC), with ECC and with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis using the SPSS software (IBM, Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) 17th version. Three logistics models were carried out having the following classifications: NC and ECC, NC and S-ECC, ECC and S-ECC (p<0.05). The overall ECC prevalence, considering children with ECC and S-ECC, was 55,8% (n= 67). The AS was not a statistically significant variable. The child’s age, weaning age and recent hospitalization were variables associated with the ECC prevalence. The age of brush start and the educational level of the mother were variables associated with the S-ECC prevalence. Considering the ECC and the S-ECC groups, the child's age and the beginning of the use of fluoride toothpaste, recent hospitalization, the educational level of the mother and the father's income were associated with the S-ECC prevalence. Considering the methodology employed and the analysis of results, it was concluded that there was no association between the ECC with the AS in healthy children. However, an association was found of ECC and S-ECC with some variables related to birth and to medical history of the child (recent hospitalization), demographic (child’s age), socioeconomic (educational level of the mother and father's income) and behavioral (age of brush start, weaning age and use of fluoride toothpaste) related to children and to the parents and/or guardians.

Personalidade e sua relação com transtornos de ansiedade e de humor: Uma análise da produção científica brasileira na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental

Personality is one of the most controversial and intriguing theme in Psychology. In a general way, it could be understood as a set of rigid patters of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors from an individual. The aim of this investigation was describe how Brazilian researches in Psychology that use cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral therapy referential have been approaching the subject Personality in their work. We also intended to determine the frequency of publications on Personality Disorders to compare this data with the bibliographical production on Anxiety and Mood Disorders. Moreover, we tried to describe how the Personality construct - and even Personality Disorders construct - has been addressed in the work on the Anxiety and Mood Disorders chosen for this review. The PePSIC Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia - e SciELO.ORG - Scientific Electronic Library Online - databases were used for research. We investigated 53 journals, including two specific Cognitive Therapies and Behavioral-Cognitive Therapy (TCC) periodicals. Within each journal, we undertook a systematic survey on publications on the themes: Personality, Personality Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depression, Dysthymia and Bipolar Disorder. A preliminary research has resulted in 218 articles. A second filter has obtained 81 articles in which we the focused on this review. There were found thirty-eight articles on Anxiety Disorders, twenty-five on Mood Disorders and eighteen on Personality Disorders. It was found that 90% of the papers on Anxiety Disorders make no reference to the term Personality or make it in a discrete way. This number rises to 96% to Personality Disorder group. Analyzing the specific journals on TCC we verified that 97% of the articles on Anxiety and Humor disorders do not cite the term Personality or cite but not explore it. This results point to the low rate of studies addressing the Personality and personality disturbs. Then, we can suggest that the difficulty on treating this Axis II disturbs has been worsened by lack of knowledge produced on the subject, either for lack of interest among researchers or because of the methodological obstacles found on this field.

Trajetórias e fatores associados a qualidade de vida de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso até três anos após o parto

Preterm birth is a public health problem worldwide. It holds growing global incidence rates, high mortality rates and a risk of the long-term sequelae in the newborn. It is also poses burden on the family and society. Mothers of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants may develop psychological disorders, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Factors related to mothers and children in the postpartum period may be negatively associated with the QoL of these mothers. The aim of this study was to assess factors possibly associated with the QoL of mothers of VLBW preterm newborns during the first three years after birth. Mothers of VLBW preterm answered the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in five time points up to 36 months postpartum, totalizing 260 observations. The WHOQOL–bref scores were compared and correlated with sociodemographic and clinical variables of mothers and children at discharge (T0) and at six (T1), twelve (T2), 24 (T3) and 36 (T4) months after the delivery. We used the Kruskal Wallis test to compared scores across different time points and correlated WHOQOL-bref scores with the sociodemographic and clinical variables of mothers and preterm infants. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the contribution of these variables for the QoL of mothers. The WHOQOL–bref scores at T1 and T2 were higher when compared to scores in T0 in the physical health dimension (p = 0.013). BDI scores were also higher at T1 and T2 than those at T0 (p = 0.027). Among the maternal variables that contributed most to the QoL of mothers, there were: at T0, stable marital union (b= 13.60; p= 0.000) on the social relationships dimension, gestational age (b= 2.38; p= 0.010) in the physical health dimension; post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (b= -10.05; p= 0.010; b= -12.18; p= 0.013, respectively) in the psychological dimension; at T1 and T2, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (b= -7.41; p= 0.005) and female sex (b= 8,094; p= 0.011) in the physical health dimension and environment, respectively. At T3, family income (b= -12.75’ p= 0.001) in the environment dimension, the SNAPPE neonatal severity score (b= -0.23; p= 0.027) on the social relationships dimension; at the T4, evangelical religion (b= 8.11; p= 0.019) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (b: -18.84 p: 0.001) on the social relationships dimension. The BDI scores were negatively associated with WHOQOL scores in all dimensions and at all times points: (-1.42 ≤ b ≤ -0.36; T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4). We conclude that mothers of preterm infants VLBW tend to have a transient improvement in the physical well-being during the first postpartum year. Their quality of life seems to return to levels at discharge between two and three years after delivery. The presence of maternal depressive symptoms and diagnosis of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus or BDP are factors negatively associated with the QoL of mothers. Social, religious and economic variables are positively associated with the QoL of mothers of VLBW preterm.