Fatores pré-abate que influenciam na qualidade da carne de frangos griller

The consumption of a product is directly linked to its quality, and are required to comply with quality standard regulations. In chicken "griller" which comes from industrial strains, selected for best growth performance, shot with up to 35 days old and weighing 1,400kg, they have not been reported in the literature a number of quality aspects This study aimed determine the muscle transformation time in the flesh in chickens "griller" incidence of meat defects, "PSE" (pale, soft and exdudative) and "DFD" (dark, firm and dry) and their correlation between different window times slaughter (total time between beginning of the fasting and the time of slaughter) and pH curve, four different times post mortem. The base data for the study was composed of information of 208 chickens, collected between August and September 2014, in a slaughterhouse slaughtering chickens in the middle region of Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba. We used the Minitab 17.1.0 program for the development of descriptive statistical analysis and Pareto charts. The Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the linear relationship between two variables and Excel 2013, Microsoft Office®, to produce tables and graphs. The analysis consisted of 11 chickens cities and the distance to the poultry slaughterhouse ranged from 24.5 km to 123 km. It was observed that the pH curve decays gradually until time 5horas after slaughter, and its increase was 24, indicating the transformation of the muscle meat. The incidence of regular meat was 39.9%, "DFD" 30.3% and "PSE" 29.8%. For "DFD" meat, it was observed that factors: low ambient temperature, longer transportation and fast window and mileage at dirt road, contributed to its occurrence (p <0.05). For "PSE" meat, it was observed that lower body weight factors, longer transport favored frequency (p <0.05) of the meat defect. There was no significant correlation in variance analysis between distance, waiting time at rest shed and humidity related to meat defects (p> 0.05). This high incidence of defects meat may be due to pre-slaughter stress factors.

Características de virulência, resistência e diversidade genética de sorovares de Salmonella com impacto na saúde pública, isolados de frangos de corte no Brasil /

Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis are often associated with cases of human infections worldwide and is transmitted through consumption of contaminated food, particularly those of animal origin, especially chicken meat. This thesis was fractionated into three chapters, the first one relating to general considerations about the topics discussed in the following chapters. The second chapter aimed to evaluate virulence characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and the genetic similarity of 51 strains of S. Infantis isolated in samples of poultry origin from an industry located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the 2009 to 2010 period. The third chapter aimed to analyze 111 strains of S. Enteritidis, 45 of Salmonella Typhimurium and 31 of Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant I 4, [5], 12:i:- isolated from chicken carcasses in different brazilian slaughterhouses from 2009 to 2011, and to estimate the risk to human health, based on the presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance, correlating to the pathogenicity profiles (antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence and resistance genes) with the genetic profile (ribogroup) of the isolates. To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility was performed the disk diffusion test for all serotypes of Salmonella, and exclusively to S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, was also verified the minimum inhibitory concentration for ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime antibiotics. The presence of virulence genes invA (invasion), lpfA (fimbriae-adhesion), agfA (fimbriae-biofilm) and sefA (fimbriae-adhesion) were evaluated by PCR. The strains that showed resistance to antibiotics of β-lactams class were evaluated for the presence of resistance genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaAmpC. For resistant strains to quinolones and fluoroquinolones antibiotics classes were searched the qnrA and qnrS genes. The phylogenetic relationship among the isolates was determined by RAPD method for S. Infantis strains, and by ribotyping technique to S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium.