A bizonytalanságnak és a vevőkör nagyságának együttes hatása az árakra (Investigating how the number of policies effect the optimum insurance premium)

Ebben a cikkben azzal foglalkozom, hogy a kockázat és a vevőkör nagysága együttesen hogyan hat a termék árára. Kétféle piacot hasonlítok össze: egy biztosítási piacot, és egy termékpiacot. A kétféle piac között az a legfontosabb különbség, hogy termékpiac esetében az eladó számára csak ott jelentkezik kockázat, hogy el tudja-e adni a terméket, míg biztosítási piac esetében az eladó a termék értékesítése után is szembesül kockázattal. A cikk során megmutatom, hogy a vevőkör növekedésének ellentétes hatása lehet a termék árára termék- illetve biztosítási piacok esetében. / === / An economic approach for modeling the insurance markets. The study focuses on the monopolistic market, where one insurance company sells a product with predetermined benefits for the customers. An outline of the company and the insureds' behavior with utility functions is given. The study investigates the problem of policy pricing in relation to the number of clients the company acquires. Analytic tools will be used to further clarify the points.

Carbon pricing: theory and practice

Carbon pricing policy is a fundamental humanly devised theoretical and practical cornerstone in the fight against climate change. It involves short term and long term policies, theoretical and practical considerations. A quantitative global stabilisation target range for the stock of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is needed, because it is an important and useful foundation in the shaping of a comprehensive climate pricing policy. A global stabilisation target range is obviously a long term policy to control climate change and events ensuing excessive increase in temperature. Setting long term objectives in the fight against climate change are substantial in avoiding catastrophic consequences therefore short term policies, which aim advances in emission reductions, have to be consistent with the pre-defined long term stabilisation goals. Short term policy reaction means using price-driven instruments like taxes and tradable quotas. These instruments allow broad flexibility in the parameters of emission reduction, and provide opportunities and incentives wherewith the cost of mitigation and abatement can be kept down. Taxes and tradable quotas give the flexibility in how, where and when emission reduction can be accomplished thereby reaching agreements between states and companies may result an appropriate and environment-conscious emission scheme, that can fit into the long term objectives.