A modern termelési koncepciók és a szervezeti kultúra kapcsolata - Irodalomfeldolgozás

Habár egyöntetű a kutatók és szakértők véleménye a tekintetben, hogy a szervezeti kultúra változtatása nélkül nem lehet sikeres és fenntartható egyik modern termelési koncepció sem, meglehetősen csekély az egyes termelési koncepciók és a szervezeti kultúra kapcsolatát vizsgáló empirikus munkák száma. Így máig megválaszolatlan a témával kapcsolatos számos alapkérdés. Jelen irodalomfeldolgozás a vezető termelésmenedzsment- folyóiratokban megjelent munkákra építve vizsgálja a modern termelési koncepciók és a szervezeti kultúra kapcsolatát. A szervezeti kultúra empirikus megragadásánál az egyik széles körben elfogadott eszközt, a versengő értékek modelljét (Competing Values Framework – CVF) állítja középpontba. A tanulmány az első felében bemutatja a szervezeti kultúra kutatásának motivációit, a releváns irodalomként meghatározott kiemelt cikkek kiválasztásának lépéseit, a CVF-modellt. A tanulmány második része foglalkozik, hogy a kiválasztott forrásokban leírt kutatások milyen kapcsolatot tártak fel a CVF-modellel megragadott szervezeti kultúra és három modern termelési koncepció, a teljes körű minőségmenedzsment (TQM), a fejlett termeléstechnológia (Advanced Manufacturing Technology – AMT) és a lean menedzsment esetében. A szerzők a cikk végén a hazai kutatások eredményeit mutatják be, majd a tanulmány fő megállapításait összegzik.

Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe. An index for measuring a country’s potential to benefit from technology spillovers

In the paper, we construct a composite indicator to estimate the potential of four Central and Eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) to benefit from productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing sector. Such transfers of technology are one of the main benefits of FDI for the host country, and should also be one of the main determinants of FDI incentives offered to investing multinationals by governments, but they are difficult to assess ex ante. For our composite index, we use six components to proxy the main channels and determinants of these spillovers. We have tried several weighting and aggregation methods, and we consider our results robust. According to the analysis of our results, between 2003 and 2007 all four countries were able to increase their potential to benefit from such spillovers, although there are large differences between them. The Czech Republic clearly has the most potential to benefit from productivity spillovers, while Poland has the least. The relative positions of Hungary and Slovakia depend to some extent on the exact weighting and aggregation method of the individual components of the index, but the differences are not large. These conclusions have important implication both the investment strategies of multinationals and government FDI policies.

Measuring Benefits of Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe

In this paper, we construct a composite indicator to estimate the potential of four Central and Eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) to benefit from productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing sector. Such transfers of technology are one of the main benefits of FDI for the host country, and should also be one of the main determinants of FDI incentives offered to investing multinationals by governments, but they are difficult to assess ex ante. For our composite index, we use six components to proxy the main channels and determinants of these spillovers. We have tried several weighting and aggregation methods, and we consider our results robust. According to the analysis of our results, between 2003 and 2007 all four countries were able to increase their potential to benefit from such spillovers, although there are large differences between them. The Czech Republic clearly has the most potential to benefit from productivity spillovers, while Poland has the least. The relative positions of Hungary and Slovakia depend to some extent on the exact weighting and aggregation method of the individual components of the index, but the differences are not large. These conclusions have important implications both for the investment strategies of multinationals and government FDI policies.

Can intellectual property rights impact directly on productivity: a case study in manufacturing industries

According to the institutional economics thesis the role of IPRs is one of the relevant determinants of economic growth in long run. Measures of IPRs have been limited and empirical studies have not been able to evaluate their impacts on productivity growth. The major conclusion that the author can be drawn from his estimations is that the extent to which patent rights and trademarks, ceteris paribus, positively correlated with output per capita depends on the intensity of technology.