The non-existence of a universal topological type space

The concept of types was introduced by Harsányi[8]. In the literature there are two approaches for formalizing types, type spaces: the purely measurable and the topological models. In the former framework Heifetz and Samet [11] showed that the universal type space exists and later Meier[13] proved that it is complete. In this paper we examine the topological approach and conclude that there is no universal topological type space in the category of topological type spaces.

Tények, adatok és mutatószámok felhasználásának anomáliái (The anomalies of the usage of facts, data, and indexes)

Tudomány nem létezik a tények felmérése, adatok gyűjtése és felhasználása nélkül. A tényeket azonban el lehet hallgatni vagy ferdíteni, az adatokat sokféleképpen lehet összeválogatni, az azokból készült mutatószámokat pedig a bonyolult és változó valóság leegyszerűsítő, sőt meghamisító ábrázolására, illetve magyarázatára is fel lehet használni. _____ Economics cannot do without measuring. However, the required data are not always available or they are not reliable, as some cases of population census exemplify it. The indicators we use, particularly composite indexes, are often misleading because they oversimplify complex phenomena or processes, and neglect important non-measurable ones, as the examples of the per capita GDP indicator measuring the development level of countries, and the composite indexes measuring the “human development” of countries (HDI), or their “national competitiveness” (GCI) may show. To avoid the enchantment of numbers, the quantitative approach must always be combined and corrected by a critical, holistic and qualitative approach.