Polluting production – environmentally sound alternatives; A general model of production externalities

With the determination of principal parameters of producing and pollution abatement technologies, this paper quantifies abatement and external costs at the social optimum and analyses the dynamic relationship between technological development and the above-mentioned costs. With the partial analysis of parameters, the paper presents the impacts on the level of pollution and external costs of extensive and intensive environmental protection, market demand change and product fees, and not environmental protection oriented technological development. Parametrical cost calculation makes the drawing up of two useful rules of thumb possible in connection with the rate of government in-terventions. Also, the paradox of technological development aiming at intensive environmental protection will become apparent.

A production/recycling model with quality consideration

An integrated production–recycling system is investigated. A constant demand can be satisfied by production and recycling. The used items might be bought back and then recycled. The not recycled products are disposed off. Two types of models are analyzed. The first model examines and minimizes the EOQ related cost. The second model generalizes the first one by introducing additionally linear waste disposal, recycling, production and buyback costs. This basic model was examined by the authors in a previous paper. The main results are that a pure strategy (either production or recycling) is optimal. This paper extends the model for the case of quality consideration: it is asked for the quality of the bought back products. In the former model we have assumed that all returned items are serviceable. One can put the following question: Who should control the quality of the returned items? If the suppliers examine the quality of the reusable products, then the buyback rate is strongly smaller than one, α<1. If the user does it, then not all returned items are recyclable, i.e. the use rate is smaller than one, δ<1. Which one of the control systems are more cost advantageous in this case?

Az üzleti kapcsolatok menedzsmentjének gondolati modellje. És ez miért lehet fontos a vállalati vezetők számára? (The conceptual model of management of business relations – and why it may be important for the corporate executives?)

A szerzők cikkükben az üzleti marketinget és a gazdaságszociológiai megközelítést ötvözve vizsgálják az üzleti kapcsolatok irányításának néhány problémáját. Gondolati modelljük figyelembe veszi a kapcsolatra vonatkozó külső és belső szabályokat, a kapcsolatban érintettek percepcióit és cselekvéseit. Az üzleti kapcsolat menedzsmentje alatt elsősorban tervező, szervező és ellenőrző tevékenységeket értenek, amelyek attól függően alakulnak, hogy egy kapcsolat létrehozása, fenntartása vagy változtatása-e a cél. Reményeik szerint az általuk javasolt gondolati modell alkalmazása a társadalmi összetevők világosabb felismerésében segítheti az üzleti élet résztvevőit. Dolgozatuk célja az üzleti kapcsolatok menedzsmentjét megkönnyítő gondolati modell felállítása. A modell operacionalizálása és empirikus tesztelése meghaladja jelen írásuk kereteit és egy esetleges jövőbeni kutatás témája lehet. ____________ The purpose of this article is to create and demonstrate such a conceptual model, which might assist in the more efficient management of business relationships. The peculiarity of the way of thinking proposed by the authors is that it takes into account the complexity of business relationships and its social embeddedness. Thus they make an attempt to systematize the key components of business relationships, their processes, economic and social characteristics. The authors would like to approach this from the point of view of the management of the business relationship, trusting that the deeper understanding of the complexity of business relationships and the consistent consideration of this complexity may contribute to the more successful management of relationships.

Vállalatok egy Neumann-típusú gazdaságban (Firms in a Neumann’s model economy)

A dolgozat a klasszikusnak tekinthető Neumann-féle növekedési modell egy új alapra helyezését tartalmazza. Az eredeti Neumann-modellben expliciten vállalatok nem szerepelnek, csak technológiák vagy eljárások. A dolgozat egy olyan Neumann-típusú modellt vizsgál, amelyben az egyes technológiáknak vállalatokat feleltet meg, és azt vizsgálja, hogy ilyen feltételezés mellett egy ilyen gazdaságban léteznek-e olyan megoldások, amelyek mellett a vállalatok maximalizálják a nyereségüket. Ennek vizsgálata közben arra az eredményre juthatunk, hogy erre az esetre a klasszikus Neumann-modell által feltételezett nempozitív nyereséget felül kell vizsgálni, ami a klasszikus matematikai közgazdaságtan dualitáson alapuló alapfeltételezése. ______ The paper investigates a generalization of the classical growth model of John von Neumann. There are only technologies in model of von Neumann. The aim of the paper is to rename technologies as firms and it is analyzed whether there exist equilibrium prices and quantities for firms to maximize the total profit. The paper reexamines the classical assumption about the duality of prices, i.e. it is allowed a nonnegative profit of firms.

A vállalatok nemzetköziesedésének dinamikája – egy kutatási modell (Dynamics of firm internationalization – a research model)

A tanulmány a nemzetköziesedés elméleti modelljeinek hiányosságaival szembesülve amellett érvel, hogy ahhoz, hogy megértsük a nemzetköziesedés időben zajló folyamatát, a vállalatok nemzetközi evolúcióját a kontextussal összefüggésben kell vizsgálni. A tanulmány a vállalatok nemzetköziesedésének folyamatát vizsgáló elméleti szakirodalomra építve egy olyan kutatási modellt vázol fel, amely alkalmas lehet a nemzetköziesedés dinamikájának empirikus vizsgálatához. A modell a belépés, diverzitás, ütem és szakasz koncepciók mentén operacionalizált nemzetköziesedés mintázata és a kontextus (környezet, vállalat, menedzsment) közötti kapcsolatot teremti meg. A vázolt kutatási modell empirikus alkalmazásával lehetővé válik a nemzetközivé válás folyamata során kialakuló komplex kapcsolatrendszer feltárása és megértése. ________ Addressing some of the limitations of the theoretical models of firm internationalization this paper argues that in order to understand the process of firm internationalization along time one should observe firms and their contextual environments as complex interacting processes. Drawing on the theoretical models of firm internationalization process this study proposes a research model that may be suitable for the empirical examination of the dynamics of internationalization. The proposed model builds a relationship between the pattern of firm internationalization operationalized via concepts such as entry, diversity, pace, phases and the context (environment, firm, management) of it. By analyzing the interaction between the multi-level processes that shape internationalization, one can explore the reasons behind the dynamic profile of firm internationalization.

Do institutions matter in business strategy? – The changing focus of strategic management to institutions: a literature review

The post-crisis managerial literature emphasizes the roles of institutional factors in any disruption of the ecosystem of market capitalism and puts it in the middle of its analytical framework. It has become clear that nowadays, scientific discussions about the measure of increase of direct state involvement in certain economic areas has become more relevant. The socio-economic model based on market coordination was no doubt shaken by the crisis in 2008 across the world and inspired various representatives of the scientific and political community to revise their theses on coordination mechanisms that support the way out of an economic downturn. This paper intends to give a brief summary of the two leading strategic management approaches (Porter’s five forces and the resource-based view of the firm) on institutions. The author’s aim is to demonstrate that incorporation of the institution-based view into the mainstream theories can enrich the analytical framework of strategic management by providing deeper understanding of the contextual factors that underpin interactions between institutions and organizations.

Sustainability, creativity and innovation in project management – Model development for assessing organizational performance through projects

Today a number of studies are published on how organizational strategy is developed and how organizations contribute to local and regional development through the realization of these strategies. There are also many articles dealing with the success of a project by identifying the criteria and the factors that influence them. This article introduces the project-oriented strategic planning process that reveals how projects contribute to local and regional development and demonstrates the relationship between this approach and the regional competitiveness model as well as the KRAFT concept. There is a lot of research that focuses on sustainability in business. These studies argue that sustainability is very important to the success of a business in the future. The Project Excellence Model that analyses project success does not contain the sustainability criteria; the GPM P5 standard consists of sustainability components related either to the organizational level. To fill this gap a Project Sustainability Excellence Model (PSEM) was developed. The model was tested by interviews with managers of Hungarian for-profit and non-profit organizations. This paper introduces the PSEM and highlights the most important elements of the empirical analysis.