3 resultados para Market failures

em Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest


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A piaci kudarcok számos formája ismert a közgazdászok számára, ezek közül a környezetvédelem területén a külső gazdasági hatásokkal (az externáliákkal) kapcsolatosak a legismertebbek. A piaci kudarcok miatt a gazdaság nincs Pareto-optimális helyzetben, azaz egyesek jóléte nem növelhető úgy, hogy eközben mások jóléte ne csökkenjen. Kérdés, hogy ez egy-egy környezetszennyező vállalat vagy iparág esetén azt jelenti-e, hogy a piaci mechanizmust teljesen ki kell iktatnunk a probléma orvoslásakor, vagy azért bizonyos szerepet a piac továbbra is betölthet a nehézség leküzdésében. /===/ Economists are familiar with many forms of market failure, among the best known being the economic externalities in the field of environmental protection. Due to the market failures, the economy is not in a Pareto-optimal situation, in other words, the welfare of some cannot be raised without reducing the welfare of others. The question is whether this means in the case of a polluting firm or industry that the market mechanism has to be excluded when remedying the problem, or whether the market can still play some part in overcoming the difficulties.

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Aim of the paper: The purpose is to gather the practices and to model the impacts of climate change on fiscal spending and revenues, responsibilities and opportunities, balance and debt related to climate change (CC). Methodology of the paper: The methodology will distinguish fiscal cost of mitigation and adaptation, besides direct and indirect costs. It will also introduce cost benefit analyses to evaluate the propensity of policy makers for action or passivity. Several scenarios will be drafted to see the different outcomes. The scenarios shall contain the possible losses in the natural and artificial environment and resources. Impacts on public budget are based on damage of income opportunities and capital/wealth/natural assets. There will be a list of actions when the fiscal correction of market failures will be necessary. Findings: There will be a summary and synthesis of estimation models on CC impacts on public finances, and morals of existing/existed budgeting practices on mitigation. The model will be based on damages (and maybe benefits) from CC, adjusted with probabilities of scenarios and policy making propensity for action. Findings will cover the way of funding of fiscal costs. Practical use, value added: From the synthesis of model, the fiscal cost of mitigation and adaptation can be estimated for any developed, emerging and developing countries. The paper will try to reply, also, for the challenge how to harmonize fiscal and developmental sustainability.

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Aim of the paper: The purpose is to gather the practices and to model the impacts of climate change on fiscal spending and revenues, responsibilities and opportunities, balance and debt related to climate change (CC). Methodology of the paper: The methodology will distinguish fiscal cost of mitigation and adaptation, besides direct and indirect costs. It will also introduce cost benefit analyses to evaluate the propensity of policy makers for action or passivity. Several scenarios will be drafted to see the different outcomes. The scenarios shall contain the possible losses in the natural and artificial environment and resources. Impacts on public budget are based on damage of income opportunities and capital/wealth/natural assets. There will be a list of actions when the fiscal correction of market failures will be necessary. Findings: There will be a summary and synthesis of estimation models on CC impacts on public finances, and morals of existing/existed budgeting practices on mitigation. The model will be based on damages (and maybe benefits) from CC, adjusted with probabilities of sce-narios and policy making propensity for action. Findings will cover the way of funding of fiscal costs. Practical use, value added: From the synthesis of model, the fiscal cost of mitigation and adaptation can be estimated for any developed, emerging and developing countries. The paper will try to reply, also, for the challenge how to harmonize fiscal and developmental sustainability.