A magyarországi vállalatok K+F és innovációs teljesítménye = Innovation performance of the Hungarian firms

A tanulmány ökonometriai módszerekkel vizsgálja a magyarországi közép- és nagyvállalatok innovációs tevékenységét az EU-csatlakozást közvetlenül megelőző években. Fő megállapításai közé tartozik, hogy a vállalatmérettel nő az innovációs aktivitás valószínűsége; a külföldi tulajdonú cégek meghatározó szerepet töltenek be a termék- és technológiamegújításban; exportunkban csekély az aránya a magas újdonságtartalmú, K+F igényes termékeknek. Az állami támogatás segítette a termék- és technológiai megújulást. A tanulmány a IX. Ipar és Vállalatgazdasági konferencián elhangzott előadás átdolgozott változata (Kiss, 2008). = Based on logit econometrics we explore the innovation activities of the Hungarian manufacturing firms between 2001-2003. Our results suggest that the large and the foreign owned firms are the most innovative, while the export-oriented firms are less innovative. Government subsidies of innovation help the introduction of new products and processes.

Trading between perceived risks and benefits related to biosimilar biological treatment in Crohn’s disease; discrete choice experiment among gastroenterologists

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore preferences of gastroenterologists for biosimilar drugs in Crohn’s Disease and reveal trade-offs between the perceived risks and benefits related to biosimilar drugs. Method: Discrete choice experiment was carried out involving 51 Hungarian gastroenterologists in May, 2014. The following attributes were used to describe hypothetical choice sets: 1) type of the treatment (biosimilar/originator) 2) severity of disease 3) availability of continuous medicine supply 4) frequency of the efficacy check-ups. Multinomial logit model was used to differentiate between three attitude types: 1) always opting for the originator 2) willing to consider biosimilar for biological-naïve patients only 3) willing to consider biosimilar treatment for both types of patients. Conditional logit model was used to estimate the probabilities of choosing a given profile. Results: Men, senior consultants, working in IBD center and treating more patients are more likely to willing to consider biosimilar for biological-naïve patients only. Treatment type (originator/biosimilar) was the most important determinant of choice for patients already treated with biologicals, and the availability of continuous medicine supply in the case biological-naïve patients. The probabilities of choosing the biosimilar with all the benefits offered over the originator under current reimbursement conditions are 89% vs 11% for new patients, and 44% vs 56% for patients already treated with biological. Conclusions: Gastroenterologists were willing to trade between perceived risks and benefits of biosimilars. The continuous medical supply would be one of the major benefits of biosimilars. However, benefits offered in the scenarios do not compensate for the change from the originator to the biosimilar treatment of patients already treated with biologicals.