11 resultados para F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy
em Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest
Resumo:
A bipolris vilgrendszer megsznse a XX. szzad utols vtizedben j helyzetet teremtett a globlis politikai s gazdasgi viszonyokban, ugyanakkor nem mellkesen a hadiiparban is. A szerz, szem eltt tartva a hatalmi viszonyok jvbeli elkerlhetetlen trendezdst, elssorban a katonai szektor eltt ll, a XXI. szzadra elrevetthet kihvsokat, lehetsgeket, a szektor jvbeli plyjt tekinti t. A hadiiparral kapcsolatban indokolt a hideghbor utni vilg fegyverkezsi helyzetnek, fegyveres erinek szmbavtele csakgy, mint a relevns elmleti keretek ismertetse, tovbb a fontos globlis szereplk biztonsgpolitikjnak vizsglata. A katonai szektor jelennek s jvjnek alapos elemzse nem nlklzheti a katonai kiadsok jelenlegi a vilggazdasgi vlsg ltal befolysolt s a kvetkez vtizedekben vrhat alakulsnak vizsglatt. Vgl, de nem utols sorban a szerz ttekinti a XXI. szzadi haditechnikai forradalom mr most lthat s a jvben valsznsthet vvmnyait, a fontosabb haditechnikai tendencikat, illetve elemzi a nemzetkzi fegyverpiac helyzett. __________________ The end of the Cold War led to a new situation in global political and economic affairs, as well as in the military sector. The author, taking into consideration the inevitable future power shifts, provides an overview of the challenges, possibilities and future paths of the military sector. Relevant issues include assessing the arms and armed forces of the post-Cold War era, as well as the analysis of theoretical frameworks and the security policies of the important global actors. Understanding the present and the future of the military sector is not possible without the thorough analysis of military expenditures and their likely future trends. The author also overviews the outcomes of the 21st century revolution in military technology and analyses the global arms market.
Resumo:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the political, social and economic background of the divergence of Belarusian and Ukrainian transitions. We focus on Belarus in order to find explanation for questions such as why could Lukashenko remain the authoritarian leader of Belarus, while in Ukraine the position of the political elite had proved less stable and collapsed in 2004. On the theoretical framework of elite-sociology, we seek to determine whether the internal factors (as macroeconomic conditions, standard of living, the oppressive nature of the political system and the structure of the political elite) play a significant role in the operation of the domino effect. This article emphasises the determining role of immanent internal factors, thus the political stability in Belarus can be explained by the role of the suppressing political regime, the hindrance of democratic rights and the relatively good living conditions that followed the transformational recession. Whilst in Ukraine, the markedly different circumstances brought forth the success of the Orange Revolution.
Resumo:
Az elmlt vtizedben a nemzetkzi kapcsolatok s a nemzetkzi politikai gazdasgtan szakirodalmban is intenzv figyelem vezte az n. feltrekv gazdasgokat, kzttk Brazlit. Luiz Incio Lula da Silva kt elnki ciklusban (20032011) a feltrekv piacok globlis pozcinyerse, a brazil klpolitika aktivizldsa s a brazil gazdasg kiemelked teljestmnye j koordintarendszerbe helyezte a dl-amerikai rist. A tanulmny a Lula-ra politikai s gazdasgi teljestmnyt foglalja ssze: llami, regionlis s globlis szinten vizsglja a dinamikus brazil fejlds elmlt vtizedt. / === / Since the millennium the literature on international relations and international political economy has been focusing on so-called emerging countries. This trend has brought unexpected and rarely experienced attention to the Latin American region, especially to Brazil. During Luiz Incio Lula da Silva's presidencies (20032011) the global high position of emerging markets, the activity of Brazilian foreign policy and the outstanding achievements of the Brazilian economy placed the South American giant into a new frame of reference. The study sums up the political and economic performance of the Lula era: examines the past decade of dynamic Brazilian development at national, regional and global level.
Resumo:
A tulajdonviszonyok s intzmnyek talakulst is a fokozatossg, a szerves fejlds jellemzi; Magyarorszgon a hossz reformszocialista fzist a politikai fordulat utn sem kvette ugrs a piacgazdasg fel, br az talakuls felgyorsult. A cikk a fokozatossg rvnyeslst az rtkestsi stratgia sokfle vltozatt alkalmaz, burjnz privatizciban, az j vllalkozsok keletkezsnek folyamatban, a liberalizls menetben s a jogi infrastruktra vltozsban mutatja be. Elemzi az tmenet sorn megersd korporatista elemek hatst a magyar gazdasgpolitikra. Vgl nhny sszefoglal megjegyzst fz a magyar fejldshez a politikai gazdasgtan s a politikai filozfia szemszgbl. Az elmlt harminc vben a mindenkori kormnynak jl rzkelhet preferencija volt a radiklis intzkedsek elodzsa, a trsadalmi adssg felhalmozdsnak vllalsa a konfliktusok elkerlse rdekben. A szerz felhvja a figyelmet a klnbz nemzedkek eltr idpreferencijra s az ezzel kapcsolatos etikai problmkra. Befejezsl a npszertlen intzkedseket az llampolgrok nagy hnyadnak vlemnyvel szemben is felvllal kormnyzs s a demokrcia viszonyrl szl. / === / Gradualism and organic development also distinguish the transformation of property relations and institutions. Hungary's long reformsocialist phase was not followed, after the political change, by a leap towards a market economy, although the transformation became faster. The article shows how gradualism applies to the proliferating of privatization, with its wide variety of selling strategies, to the foundation process of new firms, to the course of liberalization, and to change in the legal infrastructure. It analyses the effect on Hungarian economic policy of corporatist elements which strengthen during the transition. Finally, it makes some comments summing up Hungarian development in terms of political economy and political philosophy. The government at any time in the last thirty years showed an obvious preference for putting off radical measures and accepting an accumulation of social debt as a way of averting conflict. The article notes differences of time preference between generations and the ethical problems these raise. Finally, it makes remarks on the relationship between democracy and an administration intent on unpopular measures opposed by a high proportion of citizens.
Resumo:
Provides a multidisciplinary and systematic analysis of the concept of fiscal consolidations. This book discusses the concept, suggesting that fiscal adjustment can be in trade-off with economic growth if certain conditions are met. Fiscal consolidation has significant short term costs which dampen economic growth. This widely shared consensus in literature on political economy makes fiscal adjustment highly unpopular. Benczes conducts a systematic analysis to find out whether it is possible to have fiscal consolidation and experience economic growth even in the short run.The book provides a clear, multidisciplinary and systematic analysis of the relatively new concept of the so-called expansionary fiscal consolidations. This concept suggests that fiscal adjustment can be in trade-off with economic growth if certain conditions are met. But why do only a few countries and only at certain times experience the expansionary effects, while others not at all? The necessary conditions and circumstances have been totally neglected in the literature, or analyzed only partially at best.Having evolved a theoretical framework, it is tested on a difficult case: Hungary, which has had the highest deficit in the European Union. The main question was whether Hungary has a chance to experience short term growth effects in times of adjustment. ----- Contents: List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Part One: A critical Assessment of the Concept of Non-Keynesian Effects 2. Stylized Facts of EU Countries Major Fiscal Episodes 3. An Expectational View of Fiscal Policy: A Non-Linear Approach to Fiscal Consolidation 4. The Composition of Adjustment and the Structure of Labor Markets: A Linear Approach to Fiscal Consolidation Part Two: Testing the Institutional Conditions of Non-Keynesian Effects in Hungary 5. From Goulash Communism To Neo-Kadarism: An Overview 6. Financial Intermediation in Hungarya Comparative Perspective 7. The Structure of the Hungarian General Budgeta Decompositional Analysis 8. The Labor Market and Wage Bargaining in Hungarythe (Ir)relevance of a Social Pact 9. Conclusion References Appendices Index
Resumo:
A fejlett ipari orszgokra a hetvenes vektl mind inkbb jellemz tarts kltsgvetsi hinyt sem a keynesi, sem pedig a neoklasszikus elmlet nem tudta kielgten magyarzni. Az j politikai gazdasgtan azonban, gy tnik, sikerrel trta fel nemcsak a tarts hiny s a nvekv eladsodottsg okait, hanem a fisklis politikai teljestmnyben orszgok kztt s idben mutatkoz jelents eltrsek forrsait is. A siker elssorban annak ksznhet, hogy az j politikai gazdasgtan a kltsgvetsi politika alaktsnak politikai s intzmnyi korltai fel fordult, azzal a nem titkolt szndkkal, hogy kiterjessze a fram kzgazdasgtan hatrait, s beptse modelljeibe a gazdasgpolitikai dntshozatal folyamatt. Tanulmnyunkban ngy tfog magyarzatot tekintnk t - ezek: 1. az adssgllomny stratgiai hasznlata, 2. a stabilizci elodzsa, 3. a politikai s vlasztsi rendszerek klnbzsge s 4. a gyenge vagy szttredezett vgrehajti hatalom -, azzal az egyrtelm ignnyel, hogy a szoksos pozitv elemzst normatv vizsgldssal egsztsk ki. / === / Neither Keynesian nor Neoclassical theory managed to explain adequately the increasingly typical state of chronic budgetary deficit found in developed industrial countries since the 1970s. But the new political economy seems to have revealed the causes of the chronic deficit and mounting indebtedness and of the reasons for the marked differences in fiscal-policy performance between countries and periods. The success can be ascribed primarily to the fact that the new political economy turned to the political and institutional constraints on the formation of budgetary policy, with the unconcealed aim of broadening the bounds of mainstream economics and building the policy-making process into it. The study examines four comprehensive explanations: 1. strategic use of debt stock, 2. postponement of stabilization, 3. differences of political and electoral systems, and 4. weak or fragmented executive power, with the clear intention of complementing the customary positive analysis with a normative examination.
Resumo:
A kt rszbl ll cikk a magyarorszgi reformfolyamat s posztszocialista talakuls ngy olyan jellegzetessgt emeli ki, amelyek megszakts nlkl, a politikai szfrban bekvetkezett rendszervltst kveten is, folyamatosan jellemeztk az elmlt harminc v fejldst: a lakossg anyagi jltnek prioritsa, ers paternalista jlti llam, a reformfolyamat s tmenet fokozatossga s a politikai nyugalom. Az 1995. mrcius 12n bejelentett stabilizcis program - amennyiben megvalsul - jelenthet elmozdulst ezektl a jellegzetessgektl. A cikk politikai gazdasgtani megkzeltsben vizsglja, hogy mirt alakult ki ez a ngy jellegzetessg, mikppen hatottak azok egymsra, milyen kedvez s kedveztlen hatsokat fejtettek ki. Az els rsz az 1956os forradalom hatsbl kiindulva politikatrtneti ttekintst ad, majd a mai jlt, biztonsg s nyugalom prioritst s a trsadalmi adssg felhalmozdst, vgl a stabilizcis program gazdasgi s politikai hatsait elemzi. / === / The article, consisting of two parts, emphasizes four characteristic features of the Hungarian reform process and the postsocialist transformation, which, uninterruptedly, characterized the development over the last thirty years, even after the systemic change in the political sphere. These were: priority of the material welfare of the population, a strong, paternalistic welfare state, the gradual progress of the reform process and the transition, as well as political calmness. The stabilization programme, announced on March 12,1995, may imply - if it materializes - a shift away from these characteristics. The article investigates, from the aspect of political economy, why the four characteristic features had developed, how they affected each other and what were their advantageous and disadvantageous impacts. Setting out from the impacts of the 1956 revolution, the first part gives an overview of political history and then analyses the priority of today's welfare, security and calm as well as the accumulation of societal debt and, finally, the economic and political impacts of the stabilization programme.
Resumo:
The paper examines the role of EU cohesion policy in the field of human resources development and improving conditions for employment. The main objective of the analysis is to present a comprehensive picture about funding opportunities in connection with financing the activities of organisations of the social economy. As a background, the study stresses that the success of the European integration process depends to a great extent on the strength of economic and social cohesion between EU member states and regions. In order to create conditions for sustainable and balanced growth with social inclusion, there is a need to enhance the competitiveness of less developed regions combating the difficulties of structural change, and to improve their development prospects. To achieve this aim, one of the most important fields is to improve human resources. The paper points out, that EU cohesion policy has a crucial role in reducing disparities. After a general introduction to the EU level regional policy funding, the study focuses on the activities supported by the European Social Fund (ESF). The next part of the study deals with the possible types of the social economy projects and problems of self-financing. The author emphasises that social innovation emerges where State and markets fail to deliver for society (theory of non-profit/third sector) but not just to fix or replace them. The author concludes that these projects require state subsidies (official grants) at the beginning, but at the same time they can generate income. In this respect they follow same economic goals as other market actors, however, the crucial difference is that their main goal is not to make high profits for the owners. In the last part, as a concrete case study, the paper concentrates on the priorities of the Hungarian development plan in relation to social renewal. The author explains the priorities and fields of interventions of the social renewal programme. Finally, the chapter deals with the recent changes in the Hungarian employment policy and related measures supported by the European Social Fund. The chapter concludes that several employment programmes, projects for the development of social economy and programmes assisting the spreading of voluntariness and the training of volunteers have been launched with the co-financing of ESF.
Resumo:
A szerzk cikkkben az zleti marketinget s a gazdasgszociolgiai megkzeltst tvzve vizsgljk az zleti kapcsolatok irnytsnak nhny problmjt. Gondolati modelljk figyelembe veszi a kapcsolatra vonatkoz kls s bels szablyokat, a kapcsolatban rintettek percepciit s cselekvseit. Az zleti kapcsolat menedzsmentje alatt elssorban tervez, szervez s ellenrz tevkenysgeket rtenek, amelyek attl fggen alakulnak, hogy egy kapcsolat ltrehozsa, fenntartsa vagy vltoztatsa-e a cl. Remnyeik szerint az ltaluk javasolt gondolati modell alkalmazsa a trsadalmi sszetevk vilgosabb felismersben segtheti az zleti let rsztvevit. Dolgozatuk clja az zleti kapcsolatok menedzsmentjt megknnyt gondolati modell fellltsa. A modell operacionalizlsa s empirikus tesztelse meghaladja jelen rsuk kereteit s egy esetleges jvbeni kutats tmja lehet. ____________ The purpose of this article is to create and demonstrate such a conceptual model, which might assist in the more efficient management of business relationships. The peculiarity of the way of thinking proposed by the authors is that it takes into account the complexity of business relationships and its social embeddedness. Thus they make an attempt to systematize the key components of business relationships, their processes, economic and social characteristics. The authors would like to approach this from the point of view of the management of the business relationship, trusting that the deeper understanding of the complexity of business relationships and the consistent consideration of this complexity may contribute to the more successful management of relationships.
Resumo:
Az albbi rs Kornai Jnos letmsorozata kzeljvben megjelen harmadik ktetnek bevezetje alapjn kszlt. (A sorozat els ktete, A hiny s msodik ktete, A szocialista rendszer 2012-ben jelent meg.) Ritkn fordul el, hogy letmvt rendszerezve, egy szerz maga veszi ttelesen sorra rsait, trja fel az rsok megszletsnek krlmnyeit, s elemzi ket tbb vtized tvlatbl. Kornai Jnos letmsorozatnak sszelltsakor erre a rendkvli feladatra vllalkozott. A ktetben megjelen 22 rshoz fztt gondolatainak kzlsekor mai szemmel veszi grcs al az egy kivtelvel a rendszervlts eltt rt cikkeit, valamint 1956-ban rott els knyvt, A tlzott kzpontostst. Az rsokat rendszerez bevezet a kzpontostsra s a piaci reformra sszpontostja a figyelmet - e tmakrrl bebizonyosodott, hogy korai mg csupn a kzgazdasgtani elmlettrtnet fejezeteknt szmon tartani. A ktetben megjelen rsok egy rsze kzvetlenl kapcsoldik a magyar gazdasg tapasztalataihoz, msik rsze pedig elmleti jelleg. Ennek megfelelen az itt kzlt bevezets is foglalkozik mind a magyar gazdasgtrtnet mig is figyelemre mlt s tanulsgos gyakorlati problmival, mind pedig a szocializmust s a kapitalizmust, a centralizlt s decentralizlt formkat sszehasonlt ltalnos elmletekkel. ______ This piece forms the introduction to the forthcoming third volume of Jnos Kor-nai s life s work series reissued in Hungarian. (The first and second volumes, Economics of Shortage and The Political Economy of the Socialist System, ap-peared in 2012.) It is rare for an author to arrange his own life s work, taking his writings item by item, presenting the circumstances in which they arose, and ana-lysing them decades later. His thoughts on the twenty-two writings in the volume, at the time of republication, involve scrutinizing with present-day eyes articles written, with one exception, before the change of system, along with his first book, Overcentralization, written in 1956. The introduction that systematizes these fo-cuses on centralization and on market reform - events show it is still too soon to see these subjects simply as a chapter in the theoretical history of economics. Some of the articles draw directly on experiences with the Hungarian economy, while others have a theoretical nature. So the introduction also deals both with practical problems of Hungarian economic history that remain notable and instructive, and with comparative general theories of socialism and capitalism and centralized and decentralized forms.
Resumo:
The political and economic changes in countries of the Central and Eastern European region during the recent two decades had significant implications on their participation in international environmental policy-making. These changes were motivated by the changing international political priorities and economic interests, realization of their part in the "common but differentiated responsibility" for the global environmental processes and the relatively modest capacities for international development cooperation. The situation of these countries was acknowledged by the international community by granting specific provisions to these "economies in transition" in international environmental policy mechanisms. In spite of the rapidly diverging external relations of the various groups of these countries, to some extent and in different forms the transition phase is still prevailing and has its effect on the ongoing international environmental negotiations. The paper describes the background of these changes, demonstrates the specific provisions for these countries that made possible their participation in the common efforts to tackle the emerging global and regional environmental problems by acceding to the relevant international mechanisms.
