219 resultados para Uˆnnepi kötet Honti László tiszteletére
Resumo:
Production to order and production in advance has been compared in many frameworks. In this paper we investigate a mixed production in advance version of the capacity-constrained Bertrand-Edgeworth duopoly game and determine the solution of the respective timing game. We show that a pure-strategy (subgame-perfect) Nash-equilibrium point exists for all possible orderings of moves. It is pointed out that unlike the production-to-order case, the equilibrium of the timing game lies at simultaneous moves. An analysis of the public firm's impact on social welfare is also carried out. All the results are compared to those of the production-to order version of the respective game.
Resumo:
Color information is widely used in non-destructive quality assessment of perishable horticultural produces. The presented work investigated color changes of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) samples received from retail system. The effect of storage temperature (102C and 244C) on surface color and firmness was analyzed. Hue spectra was calculated using sum of saturations. A ColorLite sph850 (400-700nm) spectrophotometer was used as reference instrument. Dynamic firmness was measured on three locations of the surface: tip cap, middle and shoulder. Significant effects of storage conditions and surface location on both color and firmness were observed. Hue spectra responded sensitively to color development of pepper. Prediction model (PLS) was used to estimate dynamic firmess based on hue spectra. Accuracy was very different depending on the location. Firmness of the tip cap was predicted with the highest accuracy (RMSEP=0.0335). On the other hand, middle region cannot be used for such purpose. Due to the simplicity and rapid processing, analysis of hue spectra is a promising tool for evaluation of color in postharvest and food industry.
Resumo:
Historically, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf characterisation has been a driving force in the identification of cultivars. In this study, ampelometric (foliometric) analysis was done on leaf samples collected from hand-pruned, mechanically pruned and minimally pruned Sauvignon blanc and Syrah vines to estimate the impact of within-vineyard variability and a change in bud load on the stability of leaf properties. The results showed that within-vineyard variability of ampelometric characteristics was high within a cultivar, irrespective of bud load. In terms of the O.I.V. coding system, zero to four class differences were observed between minimum and maximum values of each characteristic. The value of variability of each characteristic was different between the three levels of bud load and the two cultivars. With respect to bud load, the number of shoots per vine had a significant effect on the characteristics of the leaf laminae. Single leaf area and lengths of veins changed significantly for both cultivars, irrespective of treatment, while angle between veins proved to be a stable characteristic. A large number of biometric data can be recorded on a single leaf; the data measured on several leaves, however, are not necessarily unique for a specific cultivar. The leaf characteristics analysed in this study can be divided into two groups according to the response to a change in bud load, i.e. stable (angles between the veins, depths of sinuses) and variable (length of the veins, length of the petiole, single leaf area). The variable characteristics are not recommended to be used in cultivar identification, unless the pruning method/bud load is known.
Resumo:
This essay attempts to go beyond presenting the bits and pieces of still ongoing crisis management in the EU. Instead it attempts at finding the red thread behind a series of politically improvised decisions. Our fundamental research question asks whether basic economic lessons learned in the 1970s are still valid. Namely, that a crises emanating from either structural or regulatory weaknesses cannot and should not be remedied by demand management. Our second research question is the following: Can lacking internal commitment and conviction in any member state be replaced or substituted by external pressure or formalized procedures and sanctions? Under those angles we analyze the project on establishing a fiscal and banking union in the EU, as approved by the Council in December 2012.
Resumo:
A 20112012-ben zajlott, arab tavasznak nevezett esemnyek j korszak kezdett jeleztk a Kzel-Keleten, mely a hideghbor vge ta, de klnsen a 2003-as iraki hbor kvetkeztben amgy is mlyrehat talakulsi folyamaton megy keresztl. Ennek sorn a trsg hrom nem arab llama, Izrael, Irn s Trkorszg vlt a rgi hatalmi egyenslynak meghatroz erkzpontjv, mikzben az arab orszgok amgy sem homogn csoportja a httrbe szorult. A korbban mrtkad arab llamok (Egyiptom, Irak, Szria) klnbz okok miatt elvesztettk vonzerejket a tbbiek szmra, mikzben Szad-Arbia sem vllalta a vezet szerept. Az arab tavasz sorn egymstl egyre nyilvnvalbban fggetlen nemzetllamm vlt arab orszgok mind kevesebb krdsben hajlandk kzs llspontot kpviselni a nemzetkzi frumokon. Az talakul kzel-keleti regionlis rendben azonban az llamok viszonylagos hatalmi egyenslyban bekvetkezett vltozsok miatt a trsg helyzett meghatroz szereplk szma megnvekedett, hiszen legalbb Egyiptommal s Szad-Arbival ismt mint politikai kzponttal kell szmolni. A jelen tanulmny az e regionlis rendben sokak szerint neooszmn hegemn trekvsekkel fellp Trkorszg helyt s szerept vizsglja.
Resumo:
Gondolkodsunk integrns rszt kpezik azok a szellemi trkpek s azok a klnbz elvek, amelyek alapjn hajlamosak vagyunk fldrajzi, politikai s trsadalmi tereket szervezni. A rgikat ugyanolyan mechanizmusok alapjn talljuk ki vagy kpzeljk el, mint ahogy Benedict Anderson elmlete szerint a nemzeteket mint elkpzelt kzssgeket. Az elmlt harminc vben Eurpnak aligha volt mg egy olyan rgija, amely a vgylmok s az elutasts vgpontjai kztt annyira a vitk trgyt kpezte volna, mint Kzp-Eurpa. A Kzp-Eurprl szl elkpzelsek klnbz valsgkonstrukcik, geopolitikai projekcik vagy klnbz elkpzelt terek. A Kzp-Eurprl szl elkpzelsek egyetlen vltozatnak esetben sem a termszet diktl valami klnleges politikt: spaces do not simply exist, space are produced, azaz a fldrajzi terek nem nmagukban lteznek, s nem nmaguktl kapnak rtelmet, hanem trsadalmi konstrukcik s geopolitikai projekcik eredmnyei, azoknak mindig meghatrozott politikai szereplk adnak jelentst
Resumo:
Az Eurpai Uni eddig az egy piac, egy pnz elve, azaz az orszg nlkli valuta s az egy llam, egy pnz, teht egy mind szorosabb vl politikai uni kztti tmeneti lpsekkel ksrelte meg az eurvlsg kezelst. Az mra nyilvnvalv vlt, hogy az elbbi elven alapul pnzgyi rendszer nem vezet a tagllamok gazdasgi s kltsgvetsi politikjnak a konvergencijhoz. A fisklis s gazdasgi unit magban foglal politikai uni nlkl az eur befejezetlen valuta. A valdi megolds egy politikai uni, st mi tbb, egy eurpai fderlis llam megteremtse lenne. Egy ilyen llam, GDP negyven szzalkt kitev kltsgvetsvel, mr kpes lehetne arra, hogy az eurktvnyeken s az EKB kibvtett szerepn alapul, valdi transzferuniknt mkdjn s a regionlis diszparitsokat hatkonyan kezelje; m a tagllamok s trsadalmuk jelents rsze egy ilyen terv megvalstsra gazdasgi s/vagy politikai okokbl nem ksz.
Resumo:
A Kzgazdasgi Szemle 2003-2005 kztt szmos olyan elemzst kzlt, aminek trgya az Eurpai Uni rgi s j tagllamaiban megfigyelhet folyamatok statisztikai elemzse volt, s ennek alapjn rtkeltk a stabilitsi s nvekedsi egyezmny fenntarthatsgt, a kzs valuta bevezethetsgt az j tagllamokba, valamint az ehhez vezet clszer utat. Ebben az rsban - a korbban megjelent elemzsek kiegsztsekppen - arra tesznk ksrletet, hogy megvizsgljuk: a szakmai s politikai vitk kereszttzben ll megolds, a szablykvet llamhztartsi politika eurpai vltozata valban csak \"ostobasg\", mint Romano Prodi egyszer vlte, vagy inkbb olyan, vals kzgazdasgi tartalmat hordoz keretnek kell tekintennk, amelynek a betartsa, st, az elrtakon tlmutatan szigor alkalmazsa az j EU-tagllamok fenntarthat fejldsnek elfelttele, klnsen kzp- s hossz tvon.
Resumo:
A tanulmny a kzp-kelet-eurpai orszgok talakulst a posztwashingtoni konszenzus megkzeltsben vizsglja. Arra a krdsre keresi a vlaszt, hogy mennyiben bizonyult sajtosnak s elmletileg is jnak a trsg tapasztalata a fejldsgazdasgtani irodalom egsznek sszefggsben. Mennyiben pthetnk az intzmnymentes fram felismerseire a folyamatok rtkelsben, illetve megalkothat-e az talakuls tisztn kzgazdasgi elmlete?
Resumo:
A cikk azt a krdst vizsglja, hogy a globalizlds s a megafzik vilgban letkpesek lehetnek-e a kis orszgok, s ha igen, milyen felttelekkel. Az rs azt igyekszik igazolni, hogy a mszaki fejlds j irnya s a nemzetkzi pnzgyek formld reformja megnveli az alkalmazkodsra ksz kis nemzetgazdasgok letkpessgt. Ez a sikeres regionlis integrldsuk alapja, nem pedig fordtva. A globalizci j eslyeket ad a kicsiknek.
Resumo:
A Kzgazdasgi Szemle mrciusi szmban Telcs s szerztrsai [2013] a felvtelizk preferencii alapjn j megkzeltst javasolt a felsoktatsi intzmnyek rangsorolsra. Az albbi rs j szempontokat biztost ezen alaptlet gyakorlati megvalstshoz. Megmutatja, hogy az alkalmazott modell ekvivalens az alternatvk egy aggreglt pros sszehasonltsi mtrix rvn vgzett rangsorolsval, ami rvilgt a szerzk kiindul hipotziseinek vitathat pontjaira. A szerz rviden ttekinti a hasonl feladatok megoldsra javasolt mdszereket, klns tekintettel azok axiomatikus megalapozsra, majd megvizsglja a Telcs s szerztrsai [2013] ltal alkalmazott eljrsokat. Vgl emltst tesz egy hasonl megkzeltssel l cikkrl, s megfogalmaz nhny, a vizsglat tovbbfejlesztsre vonatkoz javaslatot. _____ In the March issue of Kzgazdasgi Szemle, Telcs et al. suggested a new approach to university ranking through preference ordering of applicants. The paper proposes new aspects to the implementation of this idea. It is shown that the model of these is equivalent to the ranking of alternatives based on paired comparisons, which reveals the debatable points in their hypotheses. The author reviews briefly the methods proposed in the literature, focusing on their axiomatic properties, and thoroughly examines the procedures of Telcs et al. [2013]. The paper presents an article which applied a similar approach and suggests some improvements to it.
Resumo:
A cikk a pros sszehasonltsokon alapul pontozsi eljrsokat trgyalja axiomatikus megkzeltsben. A szakirodalomban szmos rtkel fggvnyt javasoltak erre a clra, nhny karakterizcis eredmny is ismert. Ennek ellenre a megfelel mdszer kivlasztsa nem egy-szer feladat, a klnbz tulajdonsgok bevezetse elssorban ebben nyjthat segtsget. Itt az sszehasonltott objektumok teljestmnyn rvnyesl monotonitst trgyaljuk az nkonzisztencia s nkonzisztens monotonits aximkbl kiindulva. Bemutatsra kerlnek lehetsges gyengtseik s kiterjesztseik, illetve egy, az irrelevns sszehasonltsoktl val fggetlensggel kapcsolatos lehetetlensgi ttel is. A tulajdonsgok teljeslst hrom eljrsra, a klasszikus pontszm eljrsra, az ezt tovbbfejleszt ltalnostott sorsszegre s a legkisebb ngyzetek mdszerre vizsgljuk meg, melyek mindegyike egy lineris egyenletrendszer megoldsaknt szmthat. A kapott eredmnyek j szempontokkal gazdagtjk a pontozsi eljrs megvlasztsnak krdst. _____ The paper provides an axiomatic analysis of some scoring procedures based on paired comparisons. Several methods have been proposed for these generalized tournaments, some of them have been also characterized by a set of properties. The choice of an appropriate method is supported by a discussion of their theoretical properties. In the paper we focus on the connections of self-consistency and self-consistent-monotonicity, two axioms based on the comparisons of object's performance. The contradiction of self-consistency and independence of irrel-evant matches is revealed, as well as some possible reductions and extensions of these properties. Their satisfiability is examined through three scoring procedures, the score, generalised row sum and least squares methods, each of them is calculated as a solution of a system of linear equations. Our results contribute to the problem of finding a proper paired comparison based scoring method.
