Antecedents and outcomes of abusive supervision:test of a trickle-down model

The authors examined antecedents of abusive supervision and the relative importance of interactional and procedural justice as mediators of the relationship between abusive supervision and the work outcomes of affective organizational commitment and individual- and organization-directed citizenship behaviors. Data were obtained from subordinate-supervisor dyads from a telecommunication company located in southeastern China. Results of moderated regression analysis revealed that authoritarian leadership style moderated the relationship between supervisors' perceptions of interactional justice and abusive supervision such that the relationship was stronger for supervisors high rather than low in authoritarian leadership style. In addition, results of structural equation modeling analysis revealed that subordinates' perceptions of interactional but not procedural justice fully mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and the work outcomes. Implications for future investigations of abusive supervision are discussed. Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association.

Buried clay pot irrigation for efficient and controlled water delivery

This study presents water flow (WF) into soil from several pitchers buried in the soil up to their neck and filled with water,under natural atmospheric conditions for a period of two years. Variation in daily WF into soil indicated a direct correlation with moisture deficit (MD) in atmosphere. WF increases linearly with MD for non rainy days. WF without hydraulic head through all pots varied in the order air>soil>water. Base line flow in water with respect to air was < 5%. WF for pots with hydraulic head was also in the order air>soil>water, but with significant increase in WF. Hydraulic conductivity Ks was in the order air>soil>water.Ks in water was independent of MD, whereas for air and soil, Ks increased with MD. Thus total WF is partially under hydraulic head and partly due to pull effect through capillary pores on pot wall either due to MD in air or prevailing soil water tension in soil.