Development and evaluation of an ion induced x-ray emission system for the analysis of light and medium weight elements

The present work describes the development of a proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis system, especially designed and builtfor routine quantitative multi-elemental analysis of a large number of samples. The historical and general developments of the analytical technique and the physical processes involved are discussed. The philosophy, design, constructional details and evaluation of a versatile vacuum chamber, an automatic multi-sample changer, an on-demand beam pulsing system and ion beam current monitoring facility are described.The system calibration using thin standard foils of Si, P, S,Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Y and Mo was undertaken at proton beam energies of 1 to 3 MeV in steps of 0.5 MeV energy and compared with theoretical calculations. An independent calibration check using bovine liver Standard Reference Material was performed.  The minimum detectable limits have been experimentally determined at detector positions of 90° and 135° with respect to the incident beam for the above range of proton energies as a function of atomic number Z. The system has detection limits of typically 10- 7 to 10- 9 g for elements 14

Determination of the Pu autoionizing level angular momenta by a multistep excitation with linearly polarized laser light

The modified polarization spectroscopy method was applied for determination of angular momenta of autoionizing states of Pu in multistep resonance ionization processes. In comparison with the known one, our method does not require circular polarization at all, only linear polarizations are needed. This simplicity was reached using a three-dimensional excitation geometry. Angular momenta of nine new autoionizing ²⁴²Pu states were determined. The method suggested could be applied for efficiency improvement in multistep RIMS applications as well as for the odd-even isotope separation for elements with a J = 0 ground state (Pu, Yb, Sm etc.).

Managing boundary spanning elements:an introduction

The primary purpose of boundary spanning has been the information exchange between the organization and its task-environment. With complex, global organizational structures and increased emphasis on outsourcing, organizations today are susceptible to degenerate into ‘silos’ and in turn hampering the synergy and efficiency. Boundary spanning research becomes critical to answer some emerging questions in this area. Organization theorists have considered the boundary spanning construct an important one that explains the boundaries of an organization, inter organizational exchanges, dependence and in general, the concept of an organization. The research in this area seems to fall in two broad streams viz., Organization focused, dealing with issues pertaining to organization system, network, learning and collaboration and Individual focused, exploring issues of actors—and their attitudes, behavior—that traverse the boundaries of organization such as sales person, service workers and public servants. This chapter introduces nine interesting research studies presented in the following chapters of the book and attempt to put them in perspective in light of extant literature in the area of boundary spanning theory.

Impact of the order of cavity elements in all-normal dispersion ring fiber lasers

Nonlinearity plays a critical role in the intra-cavity dynamics of high-pulse energy fiber lasers. Management of the intra-cavity nonlinear dynamics is the key to increase the output pulse energy in such laser systems. Here, we examine the impact of the order of the intra-cavity elements on the energy of generated pulses in the all-normal dispersion mode-locked ring fiber laser cavity. In mathematical terms, the nonlinear light dynamics in resonator makes operators corresponding to the action of laser elements (active and passive fiber, out-coupler, saturable absorber) non-commuting and the order of their appearance in a cavity important. For the simple design of all-normal dispersion ring fiber laser with varying cavity length, we found the order of the cavity elements, leading to maximum output pulse energy.