Agronomía, agrónomos y Estado en Brasil: organizaciones y disputas (1930-1961)

El trabajo estudia, de modo comparado, dos proyectos para la agricultura brasileña, elaborados por dos de las sociedades que representaron a los agrónomos entre 1930 y 1961: la Sociedad Brasileña de Agronomía (SBA) y la Sociedad Paulista de Agronomía (SPA). El análisis de los periódicos de estas agremiaciones ofrece información sobre las principales gestiones, reivindicaciones y prácticas emprendidas por cada una de ellas. También brinda elementos para reconstruir la acción de sus cuadros dirigentes, la cual se considera aquí como instrumento y vehículo representativo de los distintos proyectos. Mientras los dirigentes de la SBA - simultáneamente diplomados por la Escuela Nacional de Agronomía, funcionarios del Ministerio de Agricultura y directores de la Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura - defendían el incentivo estatal a la diversificación productiva y la promoción gubernamental de nuevos productos agrícolas orientados a la exportación, los agrónomos de la SPA, más directamente articulados con la gran burguesía industrial paulista, proponían claramente, ya en la década de 1940, la industrialización de la agricultura brasileña, mediante la propaganda de insumos industriales agrícolas y la implantación de la industria de tractores en el país.

El MST en Brasil y las organizaciones sociales kirchneristas en Argentina : Roles, identificación y relaciones dentro del conglomerado oficialista

En el marco de una investigación más amplia que examina en forma comparada los oficialismos de Lula en Brasil y de Kirchner en Argentina durante 2005-2006, el presente trabajo se propone estudiar, la relación que algunos movimientos sociales mantuvieron con el gobierno, como parte integral o como aliados del mismo, en el período consignado. En ese sentido, el Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), en Brasil, y organizaciones como la Federación Tierra y Vivienda (FTV), el Frente Transversal Nacional y Popular, el Movimiento Evita, y Libres del Sur, en Argentina, constituyen uno de los distintos sujetos de dos conjuntos oficialistas que difícilmente puedan ser caracterizados, como se hacía en el pasado, como "partido oficial" o "coaliciones de partidos". Los oficialismos en cuestión no sólo aglutinan en su seno a un conglomerado muy heterogéneo de actores políticos individuales y de dirigentes de múltiples fuerzas y sellos partidarios -con sus respectivas redes de poder territorial-, sino que incluyen también a estas organizaciones populares, protagonistas de históricos procesos de amplia movilización y lucha social. ¿Qué identidad reivindican esas organizaciones en su apoyo al gobierno? ¿Cómo conciben su propio rol dentro del oficialismo? ¿Cómo definen a ese conjunto al que pertenecen o se asocian? ¿Cuál es su relación con el presidente?

Sandra Mc Gee Deutsch, Las Derechas. La extrema derecha en la Argentina, el Brasil y Chile 1890-1939, Buenos Aires, UNQ, 2005, 527 páginas

Fil: Casco, Christian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Migrações para assentamentos rurais : Analisando as trajetórias de assentados no município de Padre Bernardo no Estado de Goiás Brasil

This work is the result of a case study that analyzes the trajectories of migrants to rural settlements located in the municipality of Padre Bernardo, the region surrounding the Federal District, Goiás State in this region several settlements created in the late 90's, were consisting of workers of rural origin who migrated from various regions of Brazil to work, especially in services and construction in Brasilia before reaching settlements. Thus, the text aims to give some reflections on understanding the dynamics of migration to rural settlements in Brazil trajectories with rural-city-settlements. As consideration, it was noticed that after many years or even decades living in the city, these migrants decide to join the struggle for land and depart for land occupation in the region. In the settlement, the settlers are facing a new challenge that will be built collectively and individually

O rural depois do êxodo : As implicações do despovoamento dos campos no distrito de Arroio do Só, município de Santa Maria/RS, Brasil

This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

Memória e resistência na migraçao para a Amazônia : O caso de Nova Londrina em Ji-Paraná, estado de Rondônia, Brasil

The occupation of Rondônia, from the 1970s, occurred in a disorganized way, since it attracted an amount of migrants which was much bigger than the settling projects could sustain. The aim of this research was to analyze the circumstances in which the district of Nova Londrina was settled, utilizing for this reason a bibliographic survey, as well as the Oral History method. The arrival in Nova Londrina, Ji-Paraná, was highlighted by conflicts between the settlers and the settling company Calama S/A. In spite of the company's violence, the colonists resisted until there was an intervention from INCRA, through a land regularization program. In this context, the Urban Center for Rural Support (NUAR) was implanted, intending to support the agricultural workers

Los jóvenes entre la historia y la política : Primeras aproximaciones a las representaciones de la democracia, los gobiernos militares y la participación política de alumnos de la escuela secundaria

El presente trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación "Los jóvenes frente a la Historia" dirigido por Luis Cerri y Gonzalo de Amézola, cuyo objeto es abordar el estado actual de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje de la Historia en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay. El proyecto parte de reconocer como problema la "falta de conocimientos sistemáticos sobre los resultados de la enseñanza de la historia, las características de la conciencia histórica y la cultura política de los jóvenes". El artículo centra su análisis en las respuestas a las preguntas referidas a los gobiernos militares, la democracia y el futuro de los jóvenes, presentes en una encuesta que realizaron en el 2008 alumnos de entre 15 y 16 años de distintas escuelas de la Argentina para acercarnos a sus conocimientos sobre dichos conceptos y al papel de la enseñanza de la Historia en su construcción. Al mismo tiempo se utilizan registros de clases de escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de La Plata para conocer de modo cualitativo las modalidades concretas que asumen las prácticas de la enseñanza en historia en las aulas

A política fundiária do governo Olívio Dutra no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil (1999-2002): diretrizes, dinâmica política e resultados atingidos

This paper has as objective to analyze the foundry work politics made by the Olívio Dutra's government in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, being taken into account their guidelines, the dynamics of the political struggle promoted between the social leaders from the rural area and the achieved global results. This government's freshness is related to the fact of it was being sustained and supported by a coalition of left wing parties and by a group of social movements and also by syndical entities of the field, which was decisive in the presentation of an antagonistic program to the neoliberal politics on energy in a national extent. Hence this government became committed in adopting an own foundry work politics, being opposed to the program of market land reform extolled by Cardoso's government, in national wide. Therefore, the results presented along the article demonstrate that in spite of the assumed commitments and, in face of legal, institutional and economical limitations and also its existent politics, the space of the state governments' performance can only be thought about its complemental character on the federal government's actions.

A formulação das políticas públicas para a juventude rural no Brasil e os elementos constitutivos desse processo social

The construction of the research problem occurred in trying to investigate the configuration of public policies for the rural youth and how this political agenda was introduced in the State of the Brazil. The main issue in the research is how the process of configuration of public policies for rural youth in federal government has occurred. The methodology for this study used was qualitative research procedures were triggered participant observation, interviews and documentary analysis. During the research the actors, the formulated policies and rural youth category expressed during this process were highlighted

Kaufmann, Carolina (coord.) (2012). Textos escolares, dictaduras y después. Miradas desde Argentina. Alemania, Brasil, España e Italia. Buenos Aires: Prometeo. 302 páginas

Fil: Linare, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

La caficultura en Brasil : Evolución, situación actual y nuevos retos cara al futuro

El café ha dominado totalmente la escena social, económica, política y cultural de Brasil desde la primera mitad del siglo XIX hasta comienzos del siglo XX. En efecto, los avatares que acompañan dicho cultivo se confunden con los hitos de la historia de este país latinoamericano. En este trabajo se analiza la caficultura en Brasil y su evolución a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas, período que coincide con unos cambios profundos tanto en la economía mundial como en la forma con que se estructura la producción cafetalera de Brasil, con la emergencia de nuevas dinámicas y procesos que se presentan como retos importantes para este importante sector de la economía de dicho país en el futuro inmediato.

Apropriaçâo da terra e formaçâo de grandes patimônios fundiários na fronteira sul do Brasil, através dos inventários post mortem (1800-1860)

This article is dedicated to the study the ways of appropriation of land in the south border of Brazil, in the first half of the century XIX. The historiography has, for tradition, associated the appropriation of large tracts of land, in Rio Grande do Sul, with royal donations. That would have been made, mainly, in the form of 'sesmarias' donations. However, a more detained study shows than the public concessions were just one among other forms of appropriation of the land used by families that accomplished a voracious accumulation of lands. Among other sources, inventories post mortem, registrations of concessions of lands and official correspondences are used. The main analysis focus relapses on the municipal district of Alegrete, between 1800 and 1870

Variáveis evidenciadoras dos processos de transformação do campo : O caso do Espírito Santo - Brasil

This article aims to analyze the occurrence of changes in the countryside, in Brazil, from the observation of variables such as type of job, income, family profile, access to consumer goods, services, and information and communication technology. There had been used exploratory analysis and logistic regression method, based on data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicílios (Brazilian National Household Sample Survey - PNAD) for the state of Espirito Santo. The study found that about 27.2 of individuals who had lived in the countryside report an urban profile, revealing that the urban lifestyle is encompassed not only in the city

Os conceitos normatizados pela legislaçao e a interpretaçao da estrutura agrária e fundiária no Brasil

Considering agrarian legislation of the last 50 years, this article expressed the objetive to identify and describe the concepts that are used for the characterization and understanding of the conformation of the brazilian agrarian space. We noted, in this context, a process of change in the laws, which suppressed the concepts of latifundio (landlordism) and minifundio (small parcels property), which created concepts of small property, of average property, of productive property and of family agriculture, but which not considered other important definitions: large farms and paternal agriculture. This substitution of interpretative concepts limits the understanding of the brazilian agrarian dynamics, especially if we consider the analysis of contradictory process of development capitalism in the field, in Brazil.