Minors’ Access to Contraceptive Services

Over the past 30 years, states have expanded minors’ authority to consent to health care, including care related to sexual activity. This trend reflects U.S. Supreme Court rulings extending the constitutional right to privacy to a minor’s decision to obtain contraceptives and concluding that rights do not “come into being magically only when one attains the state-defined age of majority.” It also reflects the recognition that while parental involvement is desirable, many minors will remain sexually active but not seek services if they have to tell their parents. As a result, confidentiality is vital to ensuring minors’ access to contraceptive services. Even when a state has no relevant policy or case law, physicians may commonly provide medical care to a mature minor without parental consent, particularly if the state allows a minor to consent to related health services.

An Overview of Abortion Laws

Since the Supreme Court handed down its 1973 decisions in Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton, states have constructed a lattice work of abortion law, codifying, regulating and limiting whether, when and under what circumstances a woman may obtain an abortion. The following table highlights the major provisions of these state laws. More detailed information can be found by selecting the table column headings in blue. Except where noted, the laws are in effect, although they may not always be enforced.

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)

El día 22 de enero de 1973, la Corte Suprema de los EE.UU. encontró que la ley de Texas era inconstitucional y decidió que el derecho constitucional a la privacidad era “lo suficientemente amplia para incluir la decisión de una mujer si desea o no desea abortar su embarazo”. Con la decisión de Roe, los estados ya no podían pasar leyes que le negaban el derecho al aborto a las mujeres