Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification in the Bahama Bank, 1964-1965

Carbon dioxide is lost from the ocean by calcium carbonate precipitation (-p), photosynthesis (-b) and gas evasion at the sea surface (-g). Among the most active sites are warm shallow seas. In this paper seasonal studies on the Great Bahama Bank relate these processes in an equation which takes into account the indirect effects of advection (a), evaporation (e), and eddy diffusion (d). Calcium carbonate precipitation is very seasonal and accounts for about half of the total losses. The delta sum CO2/deltaCa ratio is always about 1.87 on the bank. A high summer carbonate loss is inversely correlated with summer increases of chlorinity and temperature suggesting that CaCO3 is precipitated inorganically or biogenic production of CaCO3 is regulated by these parameters or both.

Distribution of the sand-ascidian Seriocarpa rhizoides in surface sediments of Josephine-Bank, North Atlantic (Table 4)

Seriocarpa rhizoides Diehl 1969 was collected in abundance from the calcareous sand of the Josephine Bank (between Portugal and Madeira) during the "Meteor" seamount cruises in 1967. Attachment in this loose soft substratum is effected by fine anchoring strands of the tests. Two irregular series of small polycarp-like hermaphrodite bodies which are embedded in a connective tissue lie directly below the endostyle, forming a tubular compound gonad, but without common ducts. The intermediate nature of the reproductive system with respect to arrangement and structure increases our knowledge about the polygenetic relations of the stylid-genera. Some of the hitherto known ecological facts point to the presumed "seamounts effect" on this species.

Hydrography, current and microstructure measurements from R/V Håkon Mosby cruise HM2012610 to the Faroe Bank Channel overflow region

This data set includes the profiling measurements collected from ship during the cruise HM 2012610 onboard the Research Vessel Håkon Mosby. The cruise was conducted under the project entitled "Faroe Bank Channel Overflow: Dynamics and Mixing Research", with an objective to investigate the mixing and entrainment of the dense oceanic overflow from the Faroe Bank Channel. The profiling measurements delivered with this data set include conventional conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) measurements, current profile measurements using a lowered acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) system and ocean microstructure measurements using a vertical microstructure profiler (VMP2000). The observational programme was designed to measure turbulence and mixing in the overflow plume which, in addition to the shear-induced mixing at the plume-ambient interface, is hypothesized to be influenced by several processes including mesoscale eddies, secondary circulation and internal waves.

Habitat map of Danajon Bank, Philippines, derived from a high-spatial-resolution multi-spectral satellite image and georeferenced point intercept transect and spot-check survey field data, using an object-based image classification method

A mosaic of two WorldView-2 high resolution multispectral images (Acquisition dates: October 2010 and April 2012), in conjunction with field survey data, was used to create a habitat map of the Danajon Bank, Philippines (10°15'0'' N, 124°08'0'' E) using an object-based approach. To create the habitat map, we conducted benthic cover (seafloor) field surveys using two methods. Firstly, we undertook georeferenced point intercept transects (English et al., 1997). For ten sites we recorded habitat cover types at 1 m intervals on 10 m long transects (n= 2,070 points). Second, we conducted geo-referenced spot check surveys, by placing a viewing bucket in the water to estimate the percent cover benthic cover types (n = 2,357 points). Survey locations were chosen to cover a diverse and representative subset of habitats found in the Danajon Bank. The combination of methods was a compromise between the higher accuracy of point intercept transects and the larger sample area achievable through spot check surveys (Roelfsema and Phinn, 2008, doi:10.1117/12.804806). Object-based image analysis, using the field data as calibration data, was used to classify the image mosaic at each of the reef, geomorphic and benthic community levels. The benthic community level segregated the image into a total of 17 pure and mixed benthic classes.