Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the SS Tschernomoretz expedition in the Black Sea in 1890-1891

Professor N. Andrussow, of Juriew (Dorpat) sent to the author a series of the deposit-samples collected in the Black Sea during the Russian explorations in 1890 and 1891 in the steamships Tschernomoretz, Zaporojetz, and Donetz. These deposits were submitted to careful microscopical examination and chemical analysis.

Spring snowmelt and midwinter thaw and refreeze north of 60°N based on Seawinds QuikScat 2000-2009

The scatterometer SeaWinds on QuikSCAT provided regular measurements at Ku-band from 1999 to 2009. Although it was designed for ocean applications, it has been frequently used for the assessment of seasonal snowmelt patterns aside from other terrestrial applications such as ice cap monitoring, phenology and urban mapping. This paper discusses general data characteristics of SeaWinds and reviews relevant change detection algorithms. Depending on the complexity of the method, parameters such as long-term noise and multiple event analyses were incorporated. Temporal averaging is a commonly accepted preprocessing step with consideration of diurnal, multi-day or seasonal averages.