Chemical composition of rocks from the Marcus-Necker Rise

The Marcus Necker Rise has two geologically distinct parts: the western one is composed of the Marcus Wake seamounts and the eastern one of the Wake-Necker seamounts. The first contain differentiated alkali basaltoids, while the second show a distinctive prolonged and complicated history. The latter contain Early Cretaceous olivine basalts and Late Cretaceous alkali and hornblende basaltoids.

Tab. 1 Analyses of major phases in Vestgötabreen formation schists

The glaucophane schists of Oscar II Land, it has been suggested, originated in a compressive plate boundary subduction zone environment. An alternative hypothesis is presented here linking the metamorphism of these schists with that of the surrounding pre-Carboniferous rocks. It has been estimated from mineralogical and textural relationships that at the time of metamorphism these rocks exceeded 30 km in thickness. Similarly, an ambient geothermal gradient of 15° C/km has been calculated for the now exposed succession. Pressures of sufficient magnitude would be realised near the base of this geosynclinal pile to produce eclogite from rocks of basic composition. Subsequent synmetamorphic penetrative deformation would give rise to glaucophane and greenschist facies assemblages.

(Table 1) Major and trace elements of basalts at DSDP Hole 72-516F

The geochemistry of basalts recovered during Leg 72 is described with emphasis on trace elements. Only Hole 516F penetrated basement; the basalts recovered are plagioclase-phyric and olivine-phyric and pervasively altered. Chemically, the basalts from Hole 516F are rather uniform in composition. However, four distinct geochemical units can be recognized, although the chemistry of two of the units appears to be controlled by chemical mobility associated with alteration. The two less-altered units cannot be related by fractional crystallization processes. Hole 516F basalts have a trace element chemistry characteristic of T-type mid-ocean ridge basalt; rare-earth element patterns (as indicated by Ce/Y ratios) are mildly fractionated flight rare-earth element enriched), and a number of incompatible element ratios are close to chondritic.

(Table 2) Chemical composition of rocks from the northern Sea of Japan

In terms of physical and genetic features studied nodules are assigned to the sedimentational manganese-iron type (Canary Basin) and to the iron-containing type (Guyana Basin). They are enriched in Fe, Co and Pb and depleted in Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn. Cores of the nodules from the Canary Basin consist primarily of peridotite, gabbro, dolerite, and metamorphic rock. Great predominance of peridotite and gabbro indicates that blocks of ocean crust underwent considerable displacement, bringing the third and fourth layers of a crust to the surface.