Heat flow and heat conductivity coefficient measured in bottom sediments collected in Cruise 13 of R/V Akademik Sergey Vavilov in the Pechora Sea

In Cruise 13 of R/V Akademik Sergey Vavilov in the Pechora Sea, six heat flow varied from 50 to 75 mW/m**2. Deep heat flow in the Pechora Sea was calculated equal to 45 mW/m**2, which is confirmed by results of geological and geophysical studies and corresponds to Middle Baikal age of the basement. A model of structure of the lithosphere in the Pechora Sea is suggested. Total thickness of the lithosphere in the basin (190 km) determined from geothermal data agrees well with that in transition zones from the continent to the ocean. According to estimates of deep heat flow in the region obtained, thickness of the mantle (160 km), of the basaltic (15 km), and of the granitic (15 km) layers of the lithosphere were also evaluated. Temperature values at boundaries of the sedimentary layers were calculated over a geological and geophysical profile crossing the Pechora Sea basin. Temperatures obtained agree with the temperature interval of hydrocarbon generation and correspond to Permian-Triassic sedimentary sequences, which are the most productive ones in the Pechora Sea region from the point of view of oil and gas potential.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the R/V Galathea II Danish Deep Sea Expedition, 1950-1952

The Danish Expedition of the "Galathea II" around the world brought important results concerning the marine organisms in the deep sea. The "Galathea II" showed not only different organisms of the Abyssal but for the first time of the deepest trenches of the western Pacific. Anton Bruun coined the term Hadal for the region below the Abyssal under 6000 m. Although the "Galathea II" aimed to investigate new deep sea regions beside the routes of former expeditions and to widen the horizon of knowledge relating marine organisms the technical equipment and the methodological approach had partly been developed earlier. The expedition of the "Galathea II" is part of a long tradition of cruises such as that of the British "Challenger", the German "Valdivia" and the Swedish "Albatross" and especially the Danish cruises of the "Dana I" and "Dana II" which happened some years before.

Suspended matter on the meridional section in the Laptev Sea in August-September 1991

Suspended matter concentration along a meridian section from the Lena River delta to 78°N (~500 km) at ten stations from the surface to the bottom was studied with weight and optical (light attenuation index) techniques. At seven stations average residence time of suspended matter in surface waters was determined by the disequilibrium 234Th method. Average residence time of suspended matter in other depth intervals was calculated by regression dependence between the 234Th/238U ratio and suspended matter concentration. Differential and integral fluxes of suspended matter in the water column were also calculated. Nepheloid matter dominates in suspended matter composition in surface waters. Calculations indicate that, before being buried on the bottom, solid river run-off is resuspended 2.3 times (aver.). Redistribution of nepheloid suspended matter in the near-bottom layer results in formation of a strongly pronounced depocentre - an area of maximal discharge of solid river run-off within the Laptev Sea.