(Tables 1,2) Site characteristics and phenotypic attributes of King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on Possession Island

In colonial species, it is often assumed that locations in the center of the colony are of highest quality and provide highest breeding success. We tested this prediction, known as the "central-periphery model," in a King Penguin colony in the subantarctic Crozet Archipelago. Breeding activity and survival of 150 penguins, fitted with transponder tags, were monitored over an entire breeding season. Among these 150 birds, 50 bred on the slope at the upper periphery of the colony, where the rates of predation and parasitism by ticks were high. Fifty birds bred in the center of the colony, where rates of predation and tick parasitism were low, and 50 bred at the lower end of the colony, where the rate of tick parasitism was low but predation and flooding were important risks. We predicted that the center of the colony should provide the safest breeding place and consequently be characterized by the highest breeding success and be used by the highest-quality individuals. Yet we found that penguins breeding in the center of the colony had the same breeding success as those at both peripheral locations. In addition, penguins breeding on the upper slope had a higher survival rate than penguins breeding at the center or bottom of the slope and were likely of higher quality. Our study does not support the central-periphery model and emphasizes the complexity behind the relationships among breeding site, breeding success, and individual quality.

(Table 19, page 199) Minor constituents of one of the San Clemente iron concretions and its metallic core

The chemical and mineralogical composition of pelagic sediments from the East Pacific Ocean has been determined with the aim of defining the ultimate sources and the mechanisms of formation of the solid phases. The distribution of elements between sea-water, the pore solution and the various solid components of the sediments permits interpretations of the variations in time and space of the gross chemical composition of pelagic clays. For example, manganese, present in sea-water in a divalent form, is apparently oxidized at the sediment-water interface to tetravalent species which subsequently become a part of the group of ferromanganese oxide minerals which are found in the marine environment. It is suggested the rate of manganese accumulation in sediments is some function of the length of time the sediment surface is in contact with sea-water. The contribution of chemical species from the different geospheres is considered. The quantitative importance of pelagic clays in the major sedimentary cycle is studied on the basis of the distribution of the weathered igneous rock products between continental and pelagic deposits and sea-water. These analyses of a wide variety of pelagic clays allow a reformulation of the geochemical balance and it is concluded that pelagic clays account for approximately 13 per cent of the total mass of sediments produced over geologic time.

(Table 3) Relative depth and age, CaCO3, d18O, d13C and Sr/Ca analysis from ODP Leg 130, 154 and 138

Interpretations of calcite strontium/calcium records in terms of ocean history and calcite diagenesis require distinguishing the effects on deep-sea calcite sediments of changes in ocean chemistry, of different mixes of calcite-depositing organisms as sediment contributors through time and space, and of the loss of Sr during diagenetic calcite recrystallization. In this paper Sr/Ca and d18O values of bulk calcium carbonate sediments are used to estimate the relative extent of calcite recrystallization in samples from four time points (core tops, 5.6, 9.4, and 37.1 Ma) at eight Ocean Drilling Program sites in the equatorial Atlantic (Ceara Rise) and equatorial Pacific (Ontong Java Plateau and two eastern equatorial Pacific sites). The possibility that site-to-site differences in calcite Sr/Ca at a given time point originated from temporal variations in ocean chemistry was eliminated by careful age control of samples for each time point, with sample ages differing by less than the oceanic residence times of Sr and Ca. The Sr/Ca and d18O values of 5.6- and 9.4-Ma samples from the less-carbonate-rich eastern equatorial Pacific sites and Ceara Rise Site 929 appear to be less diagenetically altered than the Sr/Ca and d18O values of contemporaneous samples from the more carbonate-rich sites. It is evident from these data that both Sr/Ca and d18O in bulk calcite have been diagenetically altered in some samples 5.6 Ma and older. These data indicate that noncarbonate sedimentary components, like clay and biogenic silica, have partially suppressed recrystallization at the lower carbonate sites. Sr/Ca data from the less altered, carbonate-poor sites indicate higher oceanic Sr/Ca relative to today at 5.6 and 9.4 Ma.