Primary production at time series station DYFAMED

Phytoplankton carbon assimilation has been measured near monthly using the 14C method at DYFAMED France JGOFS time-series station from 1993 to 1999. Data were obtained using the "LET GO" technique, which allowed in situ injection of bicarbonate and incubation in enclosures at 10 depths. Incubation duration was 4 h around noon, from which daily production was estimated. The seasonal variation of the depth-integrated carbon assimilation exhibits a marked cycle. Maximum values reach 1.8 g C/m**2/d in March or April; constant lower values were observed from August to January, in the range 100-300 mg C/m**2/d. The annual primary production vary in the range 86-232 g C/m**2/yr, in the upper range of older estimations. Primary production normalized to chlorophyll a shows maximum values in the period of oligotrophy. This increase of carbon assimilation rate per unit of chlorophyll a appears as linked to the period of phosphorus-limited ecosystem, and vertical distribution of taxonomic pigments suggests a possible role of cyanobacteria. Potential export production has been estimated from primary production data and Fp ratio based on pigments concentrations. These estimates (which imply biological steady state conditions) vary in a wide range, from 19 to 71 g C/m**2/yr. There is a decoupling between years with high potential export production and years with high measured particulate fluxes, which highlights the question of balance by resupply of the limiting nutrients and the role of dissolved organic carbon. A possible shift of primary production towards a more regeneration-dominated system is suggested for recent years.

Dissolved lithium and silicon through time in microbial dissolution experiments on ODP Leg 209 peridotite

Using peridotite drilled during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 209, a series of enrichment cultures were initiated on board the ship to stimulate microbially enhanced dissolution of olivine. Dissolution was estimated by measured changes in dissolved Li and Si in the media through time (up to 709 days). The results suggest that there was no significant difference between the amounts of dissolved Li and Si in most of the inoculated microbial cultures compared to the control cultures. Alternative explanations for this are that 1. No microbes are living in the culture tubes that can affect the dissolution rates of olivine, 2. The control cultures have microbes effecting the dissolution of olivine as well as the inoculated cultures, 3. Not enough time has passed to build up a large enough microbial population to effect the dissolution of the olivine in the culture tubes, 4. Microbes act to suppress dissolution of olivine instead of enhancing dissolution, and 5. Abiotic dissolution overshadows microbially enhanced dissolution. Further work is required to test these alternatives.

(Table 1) Frequency of wind direction reportings and duration of wave action in Mittelgrund, Eckernfoerder Bay, Germany

A detailed survey of the Mittelgrund in Eckernförde Bay shows slope breaks at 10-12 m and 15-16 m water depth. They are thought to be mainly the result of marine abrasion. Utilizing records from the Edgerton mud-penetrator, a map of holocene sediment thickness has been drawn. From the pattern of bottom echos 4 types of stratification can be recognized. An interpretation of them is attempted, as they are supposed to serve as models for other transgression contacts.

Time series of black carbon aerosol measurements from Neumayer Station, 1999-2011

Continuous black carbon (BC) observations were conducted from 1999 through 2009 by an Aethalometer (AE10) and from 2006 through 2011 by a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) at Neumayer Station (NM) under stringent contamination control. Considering the respective observation period, BC concentrations measured by the MAAP were somewhat higher (median ± standard deviation: 2.1 ± 2.0 ng/m**3) compared to the AE10 results (1.6 ± 2.1 ng/m**3). Neither for the AE10 nor for the MAAP data set a significant long-term trend could be detected. Consistently a pronounced seasonality was observed with both instruments showing a primary annual maximum between October and November and a minimum in April with a maximum/minimum ratio of 4.5/1.6 = 3.8 and 2.7/0.64 = 4.2 for the MAAP and AE10 data, respectively. Occasionally a secondary summer maximum in January/February was visible. With the aim to assess the impact of BC on optical properties of the aerosol at NM, we evaluated the BC data along with particle scattering coefficients measured by an integrating nephelometer. We found the mean single scattering albedo of w550 = 0.992 ± 0.0090 (median: 0.994) at a wavelength of 550 nm with a range of values from 0.95 to 1.0.