Microfouling investigations on Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus at outer Kiel Fjord over one year (August 2012 - July 2013)

The present microfouling and bioassay data were used to analyse whether microfouling control of F. vesiculosus and F. serratus against prokaryotes and pennate diatoms fluctuates with season and correlates with in situ microfouling pressure. The two perennial brown macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus were sampled monthly from mixed stands at a depth of 0.5 m under mid water level at Bülk, outer Kiel Fjord, Germany (54°27'21 N / 10°11'57 E) within a one-year filed study (August 2012 - July 2013). Microfouler recruitment on glass (reference surface, n = 9 per month) and on both Fucus species (n = 9 per month and Fucus species) was determined monthly. Microfouling control strength of Fucus surface metabolites was tested by an in situ bioassay approach (n = 6 per month and species). For details see related publication Rickert et al. 2016, DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2970-3.

Geochemistry of manganese nodules from a British Columbia fjord

Concretions of iron and manganese oxides and hydrous oxidesóobjects commonly called manganese nodulesóare widely distributed not only on the deep-sea floor but also in shallow marine environments1. Such concretions were not known to occur north of Cape Mendocino in the shallow water zones bordering the North-East Pacific Ocean until the summer of 1966 when they were recovered by one of us (J. W. M.) in dredge samples from Jervis Inlet, a fjord approximately 50 miles north-west of Vancouver, British Columbia.

Measurements of Mytilids Aulacomya atra and Mytilus chilensis from the Chilean Comau Fjord in 2012

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Sedimentological and pollen records from the fjord region of southern Chile

The position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt varies seasonally as a consequence of changes in sea surface temperature. During the austral winter, the belt expands northward and the wind intensity in the core decreases. Conversely, during the summer, the belt contracts, and the intensity within the core is strengthened. Reconstructions of the westerly winds since the last glacial maximum, however, have suggested that changes at a single site reflected shifts throughout the entire southern wind belt. Here we use sedimentological and pollen records to reconstruct precipitation patterns over the past 12,500 yr from sites along the windward side of the Andes. Precipitation at the sites, located in the present core and northern margin of the westerlies, is driven almost entirely by the wind belt, and can be used to reconstruct its intensity. Rather than varying coherently throughout the Holocene epoch, we find a distinct anti-phasing of wind strength between the core and northern margin over multi-millennial timescales. During the early Holocene, the core westerlies were strong whereas the northern margin westerlies were weak. We observe the opposite pattern in the late Holocene. As this variation resembles modern seasonal variability, we suggest that our observed changes in westerly wind strength can best be explained by variations in sea surface temperature in the eastern South Pacific Ocean.