Ingestion rate and egg production of copepods collected in the upper 20m in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in March and April 2008 during SES_GR1

The ingestion on ciliates and phytoplankton dataset is based on samples taken during April 2008 in Northern Aegean Sea, the area influenced by the Black Sea water outflow. A Lagrangian experiment was established and copepod ingestion was estimated from experiments performed at stations according to the different positions of drifters during the cruise. Copepods for the experiments were obtained with slow non-quantitative tows from the upper 20 m layer of the water column using 200 µm mesh size nets fitted with a large non-filtering cod end. For the grazing experiments we used the following copepod species: Centropages typicus and Calanus helgolandicus according to the relevant reference (Bamstedt et al. 2000). Copepod clearance rates on ciliates were calculated according to Frost equations (Frost 1972). Ingestion rates were calculated by multiplying clearance rates by the initial standing stocks (Bamstedt et al. 2000). The egg production dataset is based on samples taken during April 2008 in Northern Aegean Sea, the area influenced by the Black Sea water outflow. A Lagrangian experiment was established and copepod egg production was estimated from experiments performed at stations according to the different positions of drifters during the cruise. Egg production rates of the dominant calanoid copepods were determined by incubation of fertilised females (eggs female/day) collected in the 0-20m layer. Copepod egg production was measured for the copepods Centropages typicus, Calanus helgolandicus. On board experiments for the estimation of copepod egg production were taken place. For the estimation of copepod production (mgC/ m**2 /day), lengths (copepods and eggs) were converted to body carbon (Hopcroft et al., 1998) and production was estimated from biomass and weight-specific egg production rates, by assuming that those rates are representative for juvenile specific growth rates (Berggreen et al., 1988).

Ingestion rate and egg production of copepods collected in the upper 100m in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in March and April 2008 during SES_GR1

The phytoplankton dataset is based on samples taken during March-April 2008 in Libyan Sea, Southern Aegean Sea and Northern Aegean Sea. Ingestion rates were estimated from experiments performed at all the third priority stations during the cruise according to DoW of Sesame project. Copepods for the experiments were obtained with slow non-quantitative tows from the upper 100 m layer of the water column using 200 µm mesh size nets fitted with a large non-filtering cod end. For the grazing experiments we used the following copepod species: Calanus helgolandicus and Centropages typicus according to the relevant reference (Bamstedt et al. 2000). Copepod clearance rates on ciliates were calculated according to Frost equations (Frost 1972). Ingestion rates were calculated by multiplying clearance rates by the initial standing stocks (Bamstedt et al. 2000). Egg production rates of the dominant calanoid copepods were determined by incubation of fertilised females (eggs/female/day) collected in the 0-100m layer. Copepod egg production was measured for the copepods Eucalanus monachus, Centropages typicus and Calanus helgolandicus. On board experiments for the estimation of copepod egg production were taken place. For the estimation of copepod production (mg/m**2/day), lengths (copepods and eggs) were converted to body carbon (Hopcroft et al., 1998) and production was estimated from biomass and weight-specific egg production rates, by assuming that those rates are representative for juvenile specific growth rates (Berggreen et al., 1988).

(Table 2) Radiocarbon dates of sediment cores obtained during Bio Hespérides cruise SVAIS and OGS Explora cruise EGLACOM between 2007-2008

A high-resolution paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study has been carried out on sediment cores collected in glaciomarine silty-clay sequences from the continental shelf and slope of the southern Storfjorden trough-mouth fan, on the northwestern Barents Sea continental margin. The Storfjorden sedimentary system was investigated during the SVAIS and EGLACOM cruises, when 10 gravity cores, with a variable length from 1.03 m to 6.41 m, were retrieved. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analyses on 24 samples indicate that the cores span a time interval that includes the Holocene, the last deglaciation phase and in some cores the last glacial maximum. The sediments carry a well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization and have a valuable potential to reconstruct the paleosecular variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field, including relative paleointensity (RPI) variations. The paleomagnetic data allow reconstruction of past dynamics and amplitude of the geomagnetic field variations at high northern latitudes (75°-76° N). At the same time, the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic data allow a high-resolution correlation of the sedimentary sequences and a refinement of their preliminary age models. The Holocene PSV and RPI records appear particularly sound, since they are consistent between cores and they can be correlated to the closest regional stacking curves (UK PSV, FENNOSTACK and FENNORPIS) and global geomagnetic model for the last 7 ka (CALS7k.2). The computed amplitude of secular variation is lower than that outlined by some geomagnetic field models, suggesting that it has been almost independent from latitude during the Holocene.

Activity concentrations of radionuclides in 5 short cores taken in 2007-2008 measured by ICP-MS and HPGe gamma spectrometry

Natural radionuclides and man-made 137Cs were analyzed in five short sediment cores taken in northern part of the Gulf of Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba) in order to provide information on sedimentation and mixing rates and sediment sources. The maximum estimates of sedimentation rates based on excess 210Pb were found to vary between 0.105 ± 0.020 and 0.35 ± 0.23 cm · year**-1. Even the lowest estimates are significantly higher than those expected from dust deposition, suggesting other sources and processes being responsible for most of the allochthonous material accumulation, including periodical floods following heavy rain events, internal erosion or triggers, like earthquakes. In 137Cs depth profiles no 1963 related nuclear weapon test maxima were found; instead, the activities decrease monotonically, suggesting that a major process leading to radionuclides' depth distribution might be mixing. The mixing rates calculated from 137Cs, excess 210Pb and excess 228Th reach values up to 2.18 ± 0.69 cm**2 · year**-1.

Gridded results of swath bathymetric mapping of Disko Bay, Western Greenland, 2007-2008

A ship-based acoustic mapping campaign was conducted at the exit of Ilulissat Ice Fjord and in the sedimentary basin of Disko Bay to the west of the fjord mouth. Submarine landscape and sediment distribution patterns are interpreted in terms of glaciomarine facies types that are related to variations in the past position of the glacier front. In particular, asymmetric ridges that form a curved entity and a large sill at the fjord mouth may represent moraines that depict at least two relatively stable positions of the ice front in the Disko Bay and at the fjord mouth. In this respect, Ilulissat Glacier shows prominent differences to the East Greenland Kangerlussuaq Glacier which is comparable in present size and present role for the ice discharge from the inland ice sheet. Two linear clusters of pockmarks in the center of the sedimentary basin seem to be linked to ongoing methane release due to dissociation of gas hydrates, a process fueled by climate warming in the Arctic realm.

Length changes of Austrian glaciers 2007/2008

The glacier survey of the Austrian Alpine Club has been measuring the length changes of the Austrian glaciers regularly since 1891. Currently, about 20 observers annually do field surveys on about 100 of Austria's about 900 glaciers. The report is published in the journal of the Austrian Alpine Club. Since the beginning of the measurements, the distance between a landmark and the glacier margin is determined at several points. The direction of the measurements is specified and reported together with special observations in the data sheet reported to the Austrian Alpine Club. The distances are not slope corrected.

Roughness length along a transect in the Jade Bay, 2008

This dataset consists of average water depth, average current velocity and direction and roughness lengths calculated from the spatially-averaged velocity profiles collected with an ADCP along a transect in the Jade Bay in 2008.