Oil slicks and hydrocarbons in sea water

Surface and upper-layer pollution of seas and oceans by crude oil and refinery products is under study by investigators in many countries. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) have prepared an international experimental project that is to be carried out within the framework of the Integrated Global Oceanic Station System (IGOSS). The purpose of the project is to prepare a picture of distribution and dynamics of oil pollution. Parameters to be observed include: oil patches (slicks), floating lumps of tar on the surface, and hydrocarbons emulsified and dissolved in water. Cruise 22 of R/V Akademik Kurchatov took the ship through regions being the most suitable for pollution studies. They were conducted from March through June 1976. On the cruise, oil slicks were observed visually by a procedure recommended by the international program. Areas of the slicks were determined from speed of the ship and time required to cross them. Surface samples were taken along the path of the ship for determination of concentrations of dissolved and emulsified hydrocarbons in water. In addition, samples were taken from deep water by a 7-liter vinyl water bottle at 17 stations. Hydrocarbons present in the samples were extracted immediately with carbon tetrachloride. Final determination of hydrocarbons was made by infrared spectrophotometry. This method is currently accepted in the Soviet Union in an arbitration capacity for determination of petroleum products dissolved and emulsified in sea water. Infrared spectrophotometry is used to determine hydrocarbons containing methyl and methylene groups, but they are not identified as to origin.

Metabolism of mesozooplankton in the North-Eastern Aegean Sea during SES_GR2 in October 2008

The dataset is based on samples taken during October 2008 in the North-Eastern Aegean Sea. NH4 excretion rate: Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the Black sea water body mass layer in the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside 8 bottles of 350 or 650 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and then on a wheell at dim light and maintaining the in situ temperature. 4 bottles without animals are used as control. After 24hours bottles are opened and water samples taken for NH4 chemical analysis. Then the bottle content is filtered on pre-combusted preweighted CF/F filters, which are then dried at 60 C and weighted. Calculations are made as described by Ikeda et al. (2000). Samples for the NH4 determination were collected in pre-cleaned 50 ml Duran bottles and analysed onboard immediately after collection. Ammonium concentration was measured on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 25 UV/VIS Spectrometer according to the method of Koroleff (1970). PO4 excretion rate: Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the Black sea water body mass layer in the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside 8 bottles of 350 or 650 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and then on a wheell at dim light and maintaining the in situ temperature. 4 bottles without animals are used as control. After 24hours bottles are opened and water samples taken for PO4 chemical analysis. Then the bottle content is filtered on pre-combusted preweighted CF/F filters, which are then dried at 60 C and weighted. Calculations are made as described by Ikeda et al. (2000). Samples for the determination of PO4 were collected in pre-cleaned 50 ml polyethylene volumetric tubes and analysed on board immediately after collection. PO4 concentration was measured on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 25 UV/VIS Spectrometer following the protocol of Murphy and Riley (1962). O2 consumption rate: Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the Black sea water body mass layer in the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside 8 bottles of 350 or 650 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and then on a wheell at dim light and maintaining the in situ temperature. 4 bottles without animals are used as control. After 24hours bottles are opened and water samples taken for O2 chemical analysis. Then the bottle content is filtered on pre-combusted preweighted CF/F filters, which are then dried at 60 C and weighted. Calculations are made as described by Ikeda et al. (2000). For the dissolved O2 determination, the samples were fixed immediately after collection and analysed with the Winkler method as modified by Carpenter (1965a and 1965b). Carbon specific CO2 respiration rate: O2 consumption rate was converted to CO2 production using a RQ value of 0.87 (Mayzaud et al. 2005). Conversion of mesozooplankton dry weight to carbon was done using the % of carbon content measured in the same station from the SESAME dataset of zooplankton biomass. Carbon specific NH4 excretion rate: Conversion of mesozooplankton dry weight to carbon was done using the % of carbon content measured in the same station from the SESAME dataset of zooplankton biomass. Carbon specific PO4 excretion rate: Conversion of mesozooplankton dry weight to carbon was done using the % of carbon content measured in the same station from the SESAME dataset of zooplankton biomass.