(Table 1) Comparisons of dynamic and static Young's moduli of basalt at DSDP Holes 69-504B, 70-504B and 83-504B

Compressional- and shear-wave velocity logs (Vp and Vs, respectively) that were run to a sub-basement depth of 1013 m (1287.5 m sub-bottom) in Hole 504B suggest the presence of Layer 2A and document the presence of layers 2B and 2C on the Costa Rica Rift. Layer 2A extends from the mudline to 225 m sub-basement and is characterized by compressional-wave velocities of 4.0 km/s or less. Layer 2B extends from 225 to 900 m and may be divided into two intervals: an upper level from 225 to 600 m in which Vp decreases slowly from 5.0 to 4.8 km/s and a lower level from 600 to about 900 m in which Vp increases slowly to 6.0 km/s. In Layer 2C, which was logged for about 100 m to a depth of 1 km, Vp and Vs appear to be constant at 6.0 and 3.2 km/s, respectively. This velocity structure is consistent with, but more detailed than the structure determined by the oblique seismic experiment in the same hole. Since laboratory measurements of the compressional- and shear-wave velocity of samples from Hole 504B at Pconfining = Pdifferential average 6.0 and 3.2 km/s respectively, and show only slight increases with depth, we conclude that the velocity structure of Layer 2 is controlled almost entirely by variations in porosity and that the crack porosity of Layer 2C approaches zero. A comparison between the compressional-wave velocities determined by logging and the formation porosities calculated from the results of the large-scale resistivity experiment using Archie's Law suggest that the velocity- porosity relation derived by Hyndman et al. (1984) for laboratory samples serves as an upper bound for Vp, and the noninteractive relation derived by Toksöz et al. (1976) for cracks with an aspect ratio a = 1/32 serves as a lower bound.

Abundance of benthic foraminifera in late Paleocene to eraly Pliocene sediments of DSDP Hole 74-525A on the Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic (Table 1)

Benthic forammifers in the size-fraction greater than 0.073 mm were studied in 88 Paleocene to Pleistocene samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 525 (Hole 525A, Walvis Ridge, eastern south Atlantic). Clustering of the samples on the basis of the 86 most abundant foramimfers (in total, 331 taxa were identified) allowed separating two major assemblage zones: the Paleocene to Eocene interval, and the Oligocene to Pleistocene interval. Each of these, in turn, were subdivided into three minor subzones as follows: lower upper Paleocene (approx. 62.4 to 57 8 Ma); upper upper Paleocene (56.6 to 56 2 Ma), lower and middle Eocene (55.3 to 46 8 Ma); upper Oligocene to middle Miocene (25.3 to 16 Ma), middle Miocene to Pliocene (15.7 to 4.2 Ma), and lower Pleistocene (0.4 to 0.02 Ma), with only minor differences with the previous zone. Some very abundant taxa span most of the column studies (Bolivina huneri, Cassidulina subglobosa, Eponides bradyi, E. weddellensis, Gavelinella micra, Oridorsalis umbonatus, etc.). Several of the faunal breaks recorded coincide with conspicuous minima in the specific diversity curve, thus suggesting that the corresponding turnovers signal the final stages of periods of faunal impoverishment. At least one major bottomwater temperature drop (as derived from delta18O data) is synchronous with a decrease in the forammiferal specific diversity. On the other hand, a specific diversity maximum in the middle Miocene might be associated with a delta13C increase at approx 16 to 12 Ma. Highest foraminiferal abundances (up to 600-800 individuals per gram of dry sediment) occurred in the late Paleocene and in the early Pleistocene, in coincidence with the lowest diversity figures calculated. The magnitude of the most important faunal turnover recorded, between the middle Eocene and the late Oligocene, is magnified in our data set by the large hiatus which separates the middle Eocene from the upper Oligocene sediments. Considerably smaller overturns occurred within the late Paleocene (in coincidence with changes in the specific diversity, absolute abundance of forammiferal tests, and delta13C), and in the middle Miocene (in coincidence with a specific diversity maximum and a delta13C excursion). New reformation on the morphology and the stratigraphic ranges of several species is furnished. For all the taxa recorded the number of occurrences, total number of individuals identified and first and last appearances are listed.

Immobilisation dose rates and photogrammetry based mass calculations for southern elephant seals during expedition JUB2010

Immobilization and anaesthesia of adult male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) is potentially risky for animals and scientists. A tiletamine/zolazepam injection is considered the most appropriate drug combination for field application in this species. Since appropriate dosages are difficult to assess due to uncertainties in weight estimation, we used photogrammetry-derived weight estimates to ensure precise post hoc calculations of dosages. We report on 15 intramuscular tiletamine/zolazepam immobilizations of post-moult males of the upper weight class at King George Island/Isla 25 de Mayo, in April 2010. Initial injections were made using blowpipe syringes. Mean tiletamine/zolazepam combined dosages of 0.71 mg/kg (SD ± 0.16) ranged between 0.46 and 1.01 mg/kg. In four cases, ketamine was added in dosages between 0.96 and 2.61 mg/kg. Mean induction period was 23 min (± 15), and the mean duration of the procedures from first injection to release of the animals required 96 min (± 51). Four seals exhibited periods of apnoea, and one case of an extended, repetitive, and potentially critical apnoea (> 25 and 8 min) required intervention in order to successfully re-initiate spontaneous respiration. All procedures resulted in proper immobilizations allowing for the deployment of the satellite tags on the seals' heads. The fact that even substantial deviations between the initial weight estimates and the photogrammetry-derived weight estimates had no apparent effect on the course of the immobilization underlines the drugs' wide safety margin in this species.

(Table 2) Comparative growth rates of upper and lower parts of Fe-Mn nodules from the Pacific Ocean

Dates and growth rates of iron-manganese nodules obtained by various direct and indirect methods, including radiometric, micropaleontological, geological and experimental, are discussed. Validity of assumptions, on which the radiometric dating of nodules is based and reliability of results are discussed. The problem of "buoyancy" of slow-growing nodules resting on the surface of faster-accumulating sediments is considered: It may be caused by action of deep-water fauna, bottom currents, or plastic properties of sediments.

Characteristic magnetization of upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sediments

Lower Campanian to middle Eocene chalks and oozes were recovered at Sites 761 and 762 of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 122 on the Exmouth Plateau, northwest Australia. Paleomagnetic analyses were made on 125 samples from Hole 761B and 367 samples from Hole 762C. Thermal cleaning, alternating field demagnetization, or mixed treatment reveals a stable remanent component of normal or reversed polarity. Correlation of the magnetic polarity sequences established for these holes with the standard magnetic polarity time scale was aided by nannofossil zonation. At Hole 761B, the sequence extends from Subchron C32-N (upper Campanian) through Subchron C17-R (middle Eocene), but given the low sedimentation rate, not all the subchrons of the standard magnetic polarity sequence were recognized. The sequence at Hole 762C extends from Subchron C13-R (middle Eocene) to the boundary between Chrons C33 and C34 (lower Campanian). The sedimentation rate is higher at Hole 762C, and all the magnetic polarity subchrons of the Campanian and Maestrichtian stages were identified. Thus, this hole could be a reference section to refine the Upper Cretaceous time scale.

Upper Turonian - lower Campanian planktonic foraminifera from Exmouth Plateau

A planktonic foraminiferal zonal scheme is presented for subdivision of the Upper Cretaceous pelagic carbonate sequence from southern mid-high latitudes. Definition of the zones is based on first and last occurrences of planktonic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program Holes 762C and 763B (Leg 122; Exmouth Plateau, south Indian Ocean). During the Late Cretaceous the studied holes were located close to 50°S and for the first time a complete sedimentary record for the mid-high latitudes was obtained. A detailed biostratigraphic analysis has allowed recognition of two new zones (Falsotruncana maslakovae Zone and Marginotruncana marianosi Zone) for the interval extending from the last occurrence of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica to the first occurrence of Dicarinella asymetrica (upper Turonian - lower Santonian). From this study it is apparent that some low latitude (Globotruncana ventricosa, Hedbergella flandrini, Marginotruncana marianosi) and high latitude (Globigerinelloides impensus and Hedbergella sliteri) marker taxa display a vertical distribution at mid-high latitudes which is different from that known from low latitudes; moreover, one species (Heterohelix papula), overlooked at low latitudes, exhibits a restricted range that seems to be useful for chrono-biostratigraphic correlations: its appearance is suggested to coincide with the Coniacian/Santonian boundary. The proposed biozonation, which is integrated with calcareous nannofossil and magnetostratigraphic data available for the sections studied, is compared with both the low-latitude standard zonation and the planktonic foraminiferal zonal scheme for the circum-Antarctic region, in order to define a bio-chronostratigraphic scale that is useful for mid-high latitudes of the southern oceans.

Raw grain-size distributions of the sediment trap time series CB 14 upper, CB 15 lower, CB 16 lower, CBi 1 upper, CBi 2 upper and CBi 3 upper

in preparation