(Table 3) Geochemistry at DSDP Leg 79 Holes

Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies were performed on samples from selected time intervals recovered during Leg 79 on the Mazagan Plateau. The uppermost Albian and Cenomanian sediments of Sites 545 and 547 can be correlated on the basis of mineralogy and geochemistry; these sediments illustrate differential settling processes and the existence of hot climates with alternating humid and dry seasons in the African coastal zone. The upper Aptian to Albian black shales of Site 545 point to an irregular alternation of tectonic activity and relaxation stages, allowing different behaviors in the reworking of soils, crystalline rocks, and sediments born in peri-marine basins. The barren lower Mesozoic reddish sediments and evaporitic series of Sites 546 and 547 are characterized by a strong physical erosion of sialic landscapes, without clear evidence of post-depositional metamorphic events. At Site 546 strong early diagenetic processes in a confined evaporitic environment affect both the mineralogy and the geochemistry of pre-Miocene rocks.

(Figure 1) Stratigraphic distribution of taxa at DSDP Hole 79-547B

Twenty-five samples from selected cored intervals of problematic Triassic-Jurassic age from Sites 545, 546, and Hole 547B have been analyzed palynologically to aid age determination. Section 545-73-1 yielded a marine palynoflora of Sinemurian-Bajocian age. A palynoflora of nonmarine origin and assigned a Rhaetian-Hettangian age was recovered from halite in Section 546-18-2. Marine palynofloras of Hettangian-early Pliensbachian age were recovered from Sample 547B-24-CC to Section 547B-14-2. Sections 547B-28-1 to 547B-25-3 yielded impoverished nonmarine palynofloras to which only a general Rhaetian-Hettangian age could be given.

Oceanography during TYDEMAN cruise DCM (DeepChlorMax) to the Equatorial Atlantic

The cruise with RV Tydeman was devoted to study permanently stratified plankton systems in the (sub)tropical ocean, which are characterised by a deep chlorophyll peak between 80 and 150 m. To minimise lateral effects by horizontal transport of nutrients and organic matter from river outflow and upwelling regions, stations were selected in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean between the continents of America and Africa. (5 - 35° N and 50 - 15° W). Here the vertical distributions of light and nutrients control the abundance and growth of autotrophic algae in the thermically stratified water column. This phytoplankton is numerically dominated by the prokaryotic picoplankters Synechococcus spp. and Prochlorococcus spp., which are smaller than 2 ?m. The productivity of the 100 to 150 m deep euphotic zone can be high, because a high heterotrophic/autotrophic biomass ratio induces a rapid regeneration of nutrients and inorganic carbon. Primary grazers are mainly micro-organisms such as heterotrophic nannoflagellates and ciliates, which feed on the small algae and on bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria can outnumber the autotrophic algae, because their number is related to the substrate pools of dissolved and particulate dead organic matter. These DOC and detritus pools reach equilibrium at a concentration, where the rate of their production (proportional to algal biomass) equals their mineralisation and sinking rate (proportional to the concentration and weight of POC and detritus). At a relatively low value of the weight-specific loss rates, the equilibrium concentration of these carbon pools and their load of bacteria can be high. The bacterial productivity is proportional to the mineralisation rate, which in a steady state can never be higher than the rate of primary production. Hence the ratio in turnover rate of bacteria and autotrophs tends to be reciprocally proportional to their biomass ratio.

Major and trace elements and minerals at DSDP Hole 79-544A

Fifty m of basement rocks underlying 185 m of Neogene and Mesozoic sediments were drilled seaward of the Mazagan Slope about 100 km west of Casablanca during Leg 79. These rocks are metagranites with mylonitic textures consisting dominantly of quartz, plagioclase, and potassium feldspar. Chemically, they are strongly peraluminous. This along with the absence of hornblende suggest that these rocks are similar to the S-type granites. Petrographic and chemical data suggest the possible existence of a former weathering surface on top of the Mazagan metagranite.