(Table 1) Planktonic foraminifer abundance and stable isotope ratios of a sediment core near Baddeckenstedt, north Germany

A refined sample processing technique using glacial acetic acid has been applied to Upper Cenomanian and Lower Turonian limestones from Baddeckenstedt (Lower Saxony) enabeling the first quantitative analysis of planktonic foraminiferal populations through the Stage boundary succession in northwestern Germany. Measurements of carbonate contents, organic carbon and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes were also reported. These data allow a correlation to be made of the Baddeckenstedt section with those at Misburg (basinal facies, northwestern Germany) and Dover (Plenus Marls, southern England). Significant maxima of the organic carbon content at Baddeckenstedt correspond to prominent black shale couplets at Misburg. The planktonic foraminiferal generic groups show at Baddeckenstedt similar fluctuations as reported from Dover. Their correlation reveals details of a complex paleoceanographic regime in the NW-German Basin during the Cenomanian/Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event.

Soil characteristics and Collembola and Acari abundance in control and warming plots at Abisco Research Station

Extreme weather events can have negative impacts on species survival and community structure when surpassing lethal thresholds. Extreme winter warming events in the Arctic rapidly melt snow and expose ecosystems to unseasonably warm air (2-10 °C for 2-14 days), but returning to cold winter climate exposes the ecosystem to lower temperatures by the loss of insulating snow. Soil animals, which play an integral part in soil processes, may be very susceptible to such events depending on the intensity of soil warming and low temperatures following these events. We simulated week-long extreme winter warming events - using infrared heating lamps, alone or with soil warming cables - for two consecutive years in a sub-Arctic dwarf shrub heathland. Minimum temperatures were lower and freeze-thaw cycles were 2-11 times more frequent in treatment plots compared with control plots. Following the second event, Acari populations decreased by 39%; primarily driven by declines of Prostigmata (69%) and the Mesostigmatic nymphs (74%). A community-weighted vertical stratification shift occurred from smaller soil dwelling (eu-edaphic) Collembola species dominance to larger litter dwelling (hemi-edaphic) species dominance in the canopy-with-soil warming plots compared with controls. The most susceptible groups to these winter warming events were the smallest individuals (Prostigmata and eu-edaphic Collembola). This was not apparent from abundance data at the Collembola taxon level, indicating that life forms and species traits play a major role in community assembly following extreme events. The observed shift in soil community can cascade down to the micro-flora affecting plant productivity and mineralization rates. Short-term extreme weather events have the potential to shift community composition through trait composition with potentially large consequences for ecosystem development.

Abundance of pollen in ODP Site 124-767 (Appendix)

A palynological study of samples from Ocean Drilling Program Site 767 in the Celebes Sea indicates the presence of extensive wetlands (mangrove forests, coastal and lowland swamps) in the area during the-middle and late Miocene. At the start of the late Pleistocene the montane vegetation expanded, probably as a consequence of tectonic upheaval.