Concentration of organic compounds in the snow-ice cover of the Eastern Antarctic

This paper presents data on concentrations and composition of organic substances, lipids, and hydrocarbons, in the snow-ice cover of fast ices and continental lakes of Antarctic. It was shown that organic compounds were accumulated in layers with the most intense autochthonous processes (mainly at the snow-ice and ice-water boundaries). These zones remain active at a biogeochemical medium even at low temperatures. The maximum content of organic compounds (10-20 times that of the snow-ice cover of other regions) and a sharp change in the proportions of their migration forms in the ice volume were detected in the regions of penguin colonies (fast ice in the Buromsky Island and a lake in the Haswell Island). Contents and composition of hydrocarbons in Antarctic ices were compared with those of Arctic ices.

Concentration of particulate matter and its dispersion factor in surface waters of the Canary upweling region, East Atlantic

Particulate matter concentration and water temperature at 5 m depth level are compared in the Canary upwelling region to the east of the Cape Blanc. It was found that accumulation of particulate matter was timed to hydrofrontal zones. Particle size distributions for particulate matter obtained using the Coulter counter agree with the hyperbolic law (of the Junge type) with double values for the size parameter, which changes for particle diameters of 5-6 microns. Average values for the size parameter in the region of the upwelling are significantly lower than in the open ocean. Specific surface of particulate matter associated with reactivity differs significantly on different sides of the upwelling front and increases beyond the upwelling.