Depression, interpersonal violence and lack of social support as barriers to cervical cancer screening among recently immigrated Latinas

Background. Various psychosocial factors have been demonstrated to be barriers for cervical cancer screening among Latinas in the United States, but few studies have researched whether depression and interpersonal violence act as psychosocial barriers to cervical cancer screening. ^ Methods. The proposed study assessed whether depression, interpersonal violence, lack of social support and demographic characteristics such as age, income, education and years in the United States acted as barriers to cervical cancer screening among cantineras in Houston, TX. This secondary data analysis utilized data from a previous cross-sectional study called Project GIRASOL- Community Outreach to Prevent Cervical Cancer among Latinas. The data from the baseline survey (sample size 331) was analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multiple logistic regression. ^ Results. Multiple logistic regression indicates that none and low levels of social support from relatives, depression, and total IPV are significant predictors of non-compliance to cervical cancer screening. ^ Conclusions. Future health interventions or physicians that promote cervical cancer screening among cantineras or recently immigrated Latinas with similar socio-demographic characteristics should try to identify whether Latinas are suffering from depression, interpersonal violence or lack of social support and provide proper referrals to alleviate the problems and positively influence screening behavior. ^

Associations between vaccination and childhood cancers in Texas counties

Background. In Dr. Mel Greaves "delayed-infection hypothesis," postponed exposure to common infections increases the likelihood of childhood cancer. Hygienic advancements in developed countries have reduced children's exposure to pathogens and children encounter common infectious agents at an older age with an immune system unable to deal with the foreign antigens. Vaccinations may be considered to be simulated infections as they prompt an antigenic response by the immune system. Vaccinations may regulate the risk of childhood cancer by modulating the immune system. The aim of the study was to determine if children born in Texas counties with higher levels of vaccination coverage were at a reduced risk for childhood cancer.^ Methods. We conducted a case-control study to examine the risk of childhood cancers, specifically leukemia, brain tumors, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in relation to vaccination rates in Texas counties. We utilized a multilevel mixed-effects regression model of the individual data from the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) with group-level exposure data (i.e., the county- and public health region-level vaccination rates).^ Results. Utilizing county-level vaccination rates and controlling for child's sex, birth year, ethnicity, birth weight, and mother's age at child's birth the hepatitis B vaccine revealed negative associations with developing all cancer types (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.98) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46–0.88). The decreased risk for ALL was also evident for the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92) and 4-3-1-3-3 vaccination series (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44-0.87). Using public health region vaccine coverage levels, an inverse association between the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and ALL (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42–0.82) was present. Conversely, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine resulted in a positive association with developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.27–6.22). ^