Baylor History of Medicine Society Schedule 2006-2007

After Western Medicine: From Hippocrates to Xavier Bichat (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.) Who Goes First? The Story of Self-Experimentation in Medicine (David Sears, M.D.) Exercise and Health: From Pre-History to the Present (Carlos Valbonna, M.D.) Supernaturalism to Rationalism and the Man Between (Student Essay Contest Winners) (Don Lassus) The Fog of War’s Silver Lining: The Lasting Impact of Military Medicine (Student Essay Contest Winners) (Ajit Vyas) From Drummers to Detail Men: Medicine and the pharmaceutical industry in the United States, 1900-1960 (Howard Brody) Eyewash and Thunderbolts: The Medical Adventures of Lewis and Clark (Herbert M. Swick) Angry Arrows and Satin Dresses: Tales from the Annals of Plague (Herbert M. Swick) The Greatest Books in the History of Neurology (Robert Gordon) Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Paralytic Illness: What was the cause? (Armond S. Goldman)

Master of Education in Teaching Program with an Emphasis in the Health Sciences

Introduction: Concerns about the quality of physician education have changed current medical education practices. Learners must demonstrate competency in core areas, rather than solely participating in educational activities. Academic medical institutions are challenged with identifying leaders to direct curricular and evaluation reforms. An innovative partnership between the University of Houston College of Education and Baylor College of Medicine, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, and the University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston offers a Masters of Education in Teaching degree with an emphasis in Health Sciences. Courses encompass fundamental areas including curriculum, instruction, technology, measurement, research design and statistics. [See PDF for complete abstract]

The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library management information system.

A management information system (MIS) provides a means for collecting, reporting, and analyzing data from all segments of an organization. Such systems are common in business but rare in libraries. The Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library developed an MIS that operates on a system of networked IBM PCs and Paradox, a commercial database software package. The data collected in the system include monthly reports, client profile information, and data collected at the time of service requests. The MIS assists with enforcement of library policies, ensures that correct information is recorded, and provides reports for library managers. It also can be used to help answer a variety of ad hoc questions. Future plans call for the development of an MIS that could be adapted to other libraries' needs, and a decision-support interface that would facilitate access to the data contained in the MIS databases.

An assessment of obesity and hyperphagia in individuals with Smith-Magenis syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS;OMIM# 182290) is a multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation syndrome caused by a 3.7- Mb deletion on chromosome 17p11.2 or a mutation in the RAI1 gene. Although the majority of the SMS phenotype has been well described, limited studies are available describing growth patterns in SMS. There is some evidence that individuals with SMS develop obesity. Thus, this study aims to characterize the growth and potential influence of hyperphagia in a cohort of individuals with SMS. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 78 individuals with SMS through Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) at Texas Children¡¯s Hospital (TCH.) All documented height and weight measurements were abstracted and Z-scores (SD units) for height-for-age, length-for-age and BMI-for-age were calculated. Mail-out questionnaires were provided to the corresponding parents of the cohort to assess for the presence of hyperphagia through a validated hyperphagia questionnaire (HQ). Analysis of this data demonstrates that by the age ¡Ý 20 years males with SMS have mean BMI¡¯s in the 85th-90th percentile corresponding to an overweight BMI, and females with SMS had mean BMI¡¯s in the 95th -97th percentile corresponding to an obese BMI. Parents indicated that hyperphagia is present in individuals with SMS as 76% of parent¡¯s report having to lock food away from their child. Females¡¯ age ¡Ý 20 years of age had the highest mean behavior, drive and severity scores as well as the highest BMI. Thus, this study concludes that it appears overweight and obesity, as well as hyperphagia, are present in this cohort of SMS individuals. The results of this study will hopefully enable parents and caregivers of children with SMS to take preventative measures in order to control food related behaviors present in their children as well as to prevent overweight and obesity and the associated negative health consequences.

New library buildings: the Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library.

A historical account is given of the Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library within its Texas Medical Center setting in Houston, Texas. Outlined are planning, financing, and construction of the new library, which consists in part of new building and in part of renovated interiors of an old building originally completed in 1954. A concise picture is given of the new library's interiors, showing its functional success for users and employees alike. An architectural summary is appended showing gross and net footages, source of funds, costs and capacities.

History of Medicine Schedule 2010-2011

William Osler (1849-1919): America’s Most Famous Physician (Robert E. Rakel) The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: A Neurosurgeon’s Eyewitness Account of the Medical Aspect of the Events of November 22, 1963 (Robert G. Grossman) Making Cancer History: Disease and Discovery at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (James S. Olson) The History of Pathology as a Biological Science and Medical Specialty (L. Maximillian Buja) “Medicine in the Mid-19th Century America” (Student Essay Contest Winner) (David Hunter) The Achievements and Enduring Relevance of Rudolph Virchow (Nathan Grohmann) Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art (Robert E. Greenspan) What Every Physician Should Know: Lessons from the Past (Robert E. Greenspan) Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia (Sajid Haque) The History of Texas Children’s Hospital (B. Lee Ligon) Visualizing Disease: Motion Pictures in the History of Medical Education (Kirsten Ostherr)

Baylor History of Medicine Society Schedule 2007-2008

"Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art" (Robert E. Greenspan) Eight Practical Lessons from Osler That Will Better Your Life (Bryan Boutwell) History of the American Mental Hospital: From networking to not working & Back (Ed Fann) Ambiguities and Amputations: Methods, mishaps, and the surgical quest to cure breast cancer (Student Essay Contest Winner) (Matt Luedke) An Automated, Algorithmic, Retrospective Analysis of the Growing Influence of Statistics in Medicine (Student Essay Contest Winner) (Ryan Rochat) What’s Special about William Osler? (Charles S. Bryan) The Virtuous Physician: Lessons from Medical Biography (Charles S. Bryan) Legacy: 50 Years of Loving Care – The History of Texas Children’s Hospital, 1954-2004 (Betsy Parish) The Education of a University President: Edgar Odell Lovett of Rice University (John B. Boles) Artists and Illness: The Effect of Illness on an Artist’s Work (David Bybee)

History of Medicine Schedule and Abstracts 2009-2010

From Genes to Genome: An historical perspective (David Wheeler) Ignaz Semmelweis: Medical Prophet Without Honor (Ronald L. Young) Why Lewis Thomas, MD is Not a Bore: The Life of a Biology Watcher (Steven Greenberg) Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans (Vivien Spitz) Illuminating Autism: Passing the Torch from the Twentieth Century (Student Essay Contest Winners) (Lynn Yudofsky) Healing Beyond Hippocrates: The Temples of Asclepius and Public Health Care in Ancient Greece (Andrew Baldwin) Iron Wills and Iron Lungs: The Polio Years in Texas (Heather Green Wooten) William Osler and the Inspirational Uses of History (Michael Bliss) Working Too Hard and Achieving Too Much: The Cost of Being Harvey Cushing (Michael Bliss) Medicine in Ancient Egypt (Gene Boisaubin) The History of Diabetes (Jeff Unger)

Houston History of Medicine Society 2008-2009 Schedule and Abstracts

The National Library of Medicine and the Continuing Legacy of Michael E. DeBakey, M.D. (Stephen B. Greenberg) The Legacy of William Osler: North America’s most famous physician (Robert E. Rakel) A Lady Alone: Elizabeth Blackwell: First American Woman Doctor (Linda Gray Kelley, Charlton) A Mariner with Crippling Arthritis and Bleeding Eyes: The Chronic Arthritis of Christopher Columbus (Frank C. Arnett) Generation C(affeine): A History of Caffeine Consumption and its Medical Implications (Student Essay Contest winners) (Priti Dangayach) Our Artificial Fitness? Relaxed Selection Leads to Medical Dependence (Student Essay Contest winners) Philip Boone Remembering John P. McGovern, M.D. (1921-2007) (Bryant Boutwell) Who Was Albert Schweitzer? (Bryant Boutwell) Disease, Doctors and the Duty to Treat in American History (Thomas R. Cole) Vaccinating Freedom: The African-American Experience of Smallpox Prophylaxis in Old Philadelphia, 1723-1923 (Dayle B. Delancey) The Royal Hemophilia (The Royal Hemophilia)

The association of genetic groups 1, 2, and 3 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective. To investigate the association of the three major genetic groups of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in clustered and non-clustered TB cases in the Houston area. ^ Study design. Secondary analysis of an ambi-directional study. ^ Study population. Three hundred fifty-eight confirmed cases of tuberculosis in the Houston that occurred between October 1995 and May 1997, who had been interviewed by the Houston T13 Initiative staff at Baylor College of Medicine, and whose isolates have had their DNA fingerprint and genetic group determined. ^ Exclusions. Individuals whose mycobacterial genotype was unknown, or whose data variables were unavailable. ^ Source of data. Laboratory results, patient interviews, and medical records at clinics and hospitals of the study population. ^ Results. In clustered cases, the majority of both, pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB cases were caused by genetic group 1. Independent factors were assessed to determine the interactions that may influence the site of infection or increase the risk for one site or another. HIV negative males were protected against extra-pulmonary TB compared to HIV negative females. Individuals ages 1–14 years were at higher risk of having extra-pulmonary TB. Group 3 organisms were found less frequently in the total population in general, especially in extra-pulmonary disease. This supports the evidence in previous studies that this group is the least virulent and genetically distinct from the other two groups. Group 1 was found more frequently among African Americans than other ethnic groups, a trend for future investigations. ^ Among the non-clustered cases, group 2 organisms were the majority of the organisms found in both sites. They were also the majority of organisms found in African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics causing the majority of the infections at both sites. However, group 1 organisms were the overwhelming majority found in Asian/Pacific Islander individuals, which may indicate these organisms are either endemic to that area, or that there is an ethnic biological factor involved. This may also be due to a systematic bias, since isolates from individuals from that geographic region lack adequate copies of the insertion sequence IS6110, which leads to their placement in the non-clustered population. ^ The three genetic groups of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not found equally distributed between sites of infection in both clustered and non-clustered cases. Furthermore, these groups were not distributed in the same patterns among the clustered and non-clustered cases, but rather in distinct patterns. ^

An evaluation of the personal response system program for the elderly in Harris County, Texas

The Personal Response System Program at Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, provides emergency call systems for elderly people living independently in Houston, Texas. The goal of the project was to complete a formative evaluation of the Personal Response System Program. The specific aims of the evaluation were three-fold. One aim was to evaluate participant health status and level of disability. The second aim was to develop a health care cost estimation strategy. Finally, a preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis was completed to evaluate the program's impact on health care costs and health status among the elderly target population. ^ The evaluation was a longitudinal, randomized experimental design. After the screening of 120 volunteers for eligibility, clients were asked to complete a written questionnaire and a monthly health service contact diary. Volunteers were contacted by telephone interviewers to collect health status information from 100 eligible clients (83%) on three occasions during the six months of follow-up. ^ Initially, volunteers were randomized to two experimental groups. The two groups were found to be comparable at the beginning of the study. No significant differences were detected related to health status, level of disability, or history of physician visits at baseline. However, the group with the Personal Response System (PRS) device had more adverse health events, higher IADL scores, more frequent use of walkers, lower average health status scores, and fewer community volunteers hours than the usual care comparison group. ^ The health care costs were estimated based on an algorithm adapted from the American Medical Association guidelines. Average total health care costs for the group with the PRS device ($912) were greater than the usual care group ($464). However, median health care values for the PRS group ($263) were similar to the usual care comparison group ($234). The preliminary findings indicated that the use of the PRS device was not associated with health care cost savings. ^ In the preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis, use of the personal response system was found to be associated with increased mental health status among elderly clients. The cost-effectiveness evaluation indicated that the associated cost for six months was $710 per unit increase in mental component score when the $150 PRS subscription was included. However, clients with the PRS device were found to have a greater decline in physical health status during the six-month follow-up. The beneficial effect on mental health status was found to be in contrast to negative findings associated with changes in physical health status. The implications for future research relate to the need to identify risk factors among geriatric populations to better target groups that would most likely benefit from PRS Program enrollment. ^