Technologieintegration zur Herstellung von Serienwerkzeugen mittels Metallfolien- LOM

Das Metallfolien-LOM ist eines der wenigen RP- Verfahren zur schichtweisen Herstellungen von Metallbauteilen, welches nicht Pulver als Ausgangsmaterial benutzt. Vielmehr werden dünne Metallfolien gestapelt, mit einem Laserstrahl fixiert und anschließend ebenfalls in einem vollautomatisierten Prozess beschnitten. Da bei dem Punktuellen Verschweissen nur eine provisorische Fixierung erfolgt, werden die Schichten anschließend in einem Folgeprozess mittels Diffusionsschweissen stoffschlüssig verbunden. Es resultieren daraus Bauteile mit hoher mechanischer und auch thermischer Stabilität, die weder Poren noch Einschlüsse im Inneren aufweisen. Die Technologie vereint die Vorteile der Blechplatinen-LOM-Technologie, wie z.B. die hohe Festigkeit, mit den Vorteilen des vollautomatisierten Papier- LOM- Verfahrens, wie der hohen Detailtreue. Aufgrund der Verwendung eines Halbzeugs, der Metallfolie, ist der Bauprozess deutlich schneller im Vergleich zu den Verfahren, die einen Pulverwerkstoff als Ausgangsmaterial verwenden. Durch das additive Bauprinzips lassen sich auch Hohlräume, wie z.B. Kühlkanalstrukturen im Bauteil realisieren. Damit weist diese Technologie ein hohes Innovationspotential, vor allem für den Kunststoffspritzguss, auf. Hier kann mit werkzeuginternen Kühlstrukturen gezielt die Prozessführung beim erstarren der Schmelze verbessert werden.

Registration of Sub-Sequence and Multi-Camera Reconstructions for Camera Motion Estimation

This paper presents different application scenarios for which the registration of sub-sequence reconstructions or multi-camera reconstructions is essential for successful camera motion estimation and 3D reconstruction from video. The registration is achieved by merging unconnected feature point tracks between the reconstructions. One application is drift removal for sequential camera motion estimation of long sequences. The state-of-the-art in drift removal is to apply a RANSAC approach to find unconnected feature point tracks. In this paper an alternative spectral algorithm for pairwise matching of unconnected feature point tracks is used. It is then shown that the algorithms can be combined and applied to novel scenarios where independent camera motion estimations must be registered into a common global coordinate system. In the first scenario multiple moving cameras, which capture the same scene simultaneously, are registered. A second new scenario occurs in situations where the tracking of feature points during sequential camera motion estimation fails completely, e.g., due to large occluding objects in the foreground, and the unconnected tracks of the independent reconstructions must be merged. In the third scenario image sequences of the same scene, which are captured under different illuminations, are registered. Several experiments with challenging real video sequences demonstrate that the presented techniques work in practice.

Visual Fixation for 3D Video Stabilization

Visual fixation is employed by humans and some animals to keep a specific 3D location at the center of the visual gaze. Inspired by this phenomenon in nature, this paper explores the idea to transfer this mechanism to the context of video stabilization for a handheld video camera. A novel approach is presented that stabilizes a video by fixating on automatically extracted 3D target points. This approach is different from existing automatic solutions that stabilize the video by smoothing. To determine the 3D target points, the recorded scene is analyzed with a stateof- the-art structure-from-motion algorithm, which estimates camera motion and reconstructs a 3D point cloud of the static scene objects. Special algorithms are presented that search either virtual or real 3D target points, which back-project close to the center of the image for as long a period of time as possible. The stabilization algorithm then transforms the original images of the sequence so that these 3D target points are kept exactly in the center of the image, which, in case of real 3D target points, produces a perfectly stable result at the image center. Furthermore, different methods of additional user interaction are investigated. It is shown that the stabilization process can easily be controlled and that it can be combined with state-of-theart tracking techniques in order to obtain a powerful image stabilization tool. The approach is evaluated on a variety of videos taken with a hand-held camera in natural scenes.

Generating Realistic Camera Shake for Virtual Scenes

When depicting both virtual and physical worlds, the viewer's impression of presence in these worlds is strongly linked to camera motion. Plausible and artist-controlled camera movement can substantially increase scene immersion. While physical camera motion exhibits subtle details of position, rotation, and acceleration, these details are often missing for virtual camera motion. In this work, we analyze camera movement using signal theory. Our system allows us to stylize a smooth user-defined virtual base camera motion by enriching it with plausible details. A key component of our system is a database of videos filmed by physical cameras. These videos are analyzed with a camera-motion estimation algorithm (structure-from-motion) and labeled manually with a specific style. By considering spectral properties of location, orientation and acceleration, our solution learns camera motion details. Consequently, an arbitrary virtual base motion, defined in any conventional animation package, can be automatically modified according to a user-selected style. In an animation package the camera motion base path is typically defined by the user via function curves. Another possibility is to obtain the camera path by using a mixed reality camera in motion capturing studio. As shown in our experiments, the resulting shots are still fully artist-controlled, but appear richer and more physically plausible.