Die generative Herstellung von Dentalmodellen- eine Rapid Manufacturing Herausforderung

Heutzutage stehen zunehmend – z.B. durch den raschen Fortschritt bei den bildgebenden Verfahren – digitale Datensätze im Dentalbereich zur Verfügung. CAD/CAM-syteme gehören dabei in der Zahntechnik längst zum Stande der Technik. Für die Anwendung derartiger Systeme ist jedoch ein Gipsmodell nötig, welches zum Beginn der Prozesskette vom Zahntechniker mittels eines optischen Scanners digitalisiert wird. Die Weiterentwicklung intraoraler Scanner ermöglicht heutzutage außerdem die Digitalisierung ganzer Kiefer im Patientenmund durch den Zahnarzt. Insbesondere für z.B. die ästhetischen Restaurationen bildet hier das zahntechnische Modell nach wie vor die unersetzliche Arbeitsgrundlage für den Techniker. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird dazu ein Rapid Manufacturing Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dentalmodellen auf Basis der Stereolithographie vorgestellt. Dabei wird auf die besonderen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Präzision, Robustheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von generativen Fertigungsverfahren für dentale Applikationen eingegangen und eine neu entwickelte Baustrategie vorgestellt, mittels derer die o.g. Anforderungen erfüllt werden

Knowledge-Production Processes in Practice Research - Outcomes and Critical Elements

The welfare sector has seen considerable changes in its operational context. Welfare services respond to an increasing number of challenges as citizens are confronted with life’s uncertainties and a variety of complex situations. At the same time the service-delivery system is facing problems of co-operation and the development of staff competence, as well as demands to improve service effectiveness and outcomes. In order to ensure optimal user outcomes in this complex, evolving environment it is necessary to enhance professional knowledge and skills, and to increase efforts to develop the services. Changes are also evident in the new emergent knowledge-production models. There has been a shift from knowledge acquisition and transmission to its construction and production. New actors have stepped in and the roles of researchers are subject to critical discussion. Research outcomes, in other words the usefulness of research with respect to practice development, is a topical agenda item. Research is needed, but if it is to be useful it needs to be not only credible but also useful in action. What do we know about different research processes in practice? What conceptions, approaches, methods and actor roles are embedded? What is the effect on practice? How does ‘here and now’ practice challenge research methods? This article is based on the research processes conducted in the institutes of practice research in social work in Finland. It analyses the different approaches applied by elucidating the theoretical standpoints and the critical elements embedded in them, and reflects on the outcomes in and for practice. It highlights the level of change and progression in practice research, arguing for diverse practice research models with a solid theoretical grounding, rigorous research processes, and a supportive infrastructure.

A Column-Generation Approach for a Short-Term Production Planning Problem in Closed-Loop Supply Chains

We present a new model formulation for a multi-product lot-sizing problem with product returns and remanufacturing subject to a capacity constraint. The given external demand of the products has to be satisfied by remanufactured or newly produced goods. The objective is to determine a feasible production plan, which minimizes production, holding, and setup costs. As the LP relaxation of a model formulation based on the well-known CLSP leads to very poor lower bounds, we propose a column-generation approach to determine tighter bounds. The lower bound obtained by column generation can be easily transferred into a feasible solution by a truncated branch-and-bound approach using CPLEX. The results of an extensive numerical study show the high solution quality of the proposed solution approach.