TV Signal Delivery to Cable Operators and DTH Platform Operators

The paper discusses new business models of transmission of television programs in the context of definitions of broadcasting and retransmission. Typically the whole process of supplying content to the end user has two stages: a media service provider supplies a signal assigned to a given TV channel to the cable operators and satellite DTH platform operators (dedicated transmission), and cable operators and satellite DTH platform operators transmit this signal to end users. In each stage the signals are encoded and are not available for the general public without the intervention of cable/platform operators. The services relating to the supply and transmission of the content are operated by different business entities: each earns money separately and each uses the content protected by copyright. We should determine how to define the actions of the entity supplying the signal with the TV program directly to the cable/digital platform operator and the actions of the entity providing the end user with the signal. The author criticizes the approach presented in the Chellomedia and Norma rulings, arguing that they lead to a significant level of legal uncertainty, and poses the basic questions concerning the notion of “public” in copyright.

Homelessness, Social Work, Social Policy and the Print Media in Australian Cities

Homelessness is a significant social problem worldwide. This paper describes an Australian study that examined print media representations of homelessness and social work, social policy and social work responses to homelessness in three Australian cities. The research included a content analysis of seven Australian newspapers and semi-structured interviews with 39 social workers employed in the field of homelessness in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. The detailed results of these studies have been published separately elsewhere. This paper reports on how discourses in the print media, social policy and social work practice co-exist in constructing homelessness as a particular social problem, influencing social work responses to homelessness. The research found that individualism is central to many dominant discourses evident in the print media, social policy and social work practice, and that social work is practiced within unequal power relations embedded in organisational contexts.

Planung und Berechnung der systemischen Leistungsverfügbarkeit komplexer Logistiksysteme

Das Verständnis von Leistungsverfügbarkeit, wie sie in der VDI-Richtlinie 4486 definiert ist, reicht für die Planung komplexer, dynamischer und teil-autonomer Systeme nicht aus. Die Definition in der VDI 4486 setzt den Fokus ausschließlich auf den Erfüllungsgrad vereinbarter Prozesse bei der Inbetriebnahme lo-gistischer Anlagen und regelt die Messungen und Be-rechnungen der Leistungsverfügbarkeit zu diesem Zeitpunkt. Es bleibt die Frage, wie ein Materialflusssystem für eine spezifizierte Leistungsverfügbarkeit geplant werden kann. Dazu werden die Wirkzusammenhänge zwischen dem logistischen System und seinen Sub-Systemen z.B. vertikale Integration von Wirkzusammenhängen der Instandhaltung, von Echtzeiteffekten der Kommunikationsprozesse oder Effekten der Ma-schinensteuerung, betrachtet.