Idiomatic Différance: Reflections on Intranslatability in the Works of Gerhard Richter

Translatability of a work of art, according to Walter Benjamin, is an essential ability to allow a translation to take on »a specific significance inherent in the original« so that it will retain a close relationship to the original. In contrast, Gerhard Richter's photo-based paintings show such an auratic significance of the original in its innate deficiency or intranslatability. As Rosemary Hawker puts it, the striking effect of blur in his paintings represents itself at once as a unique photographic idiom and a distinctive shortcoming of photography which impedes the medium from providing viewers with clearly perceivable images; the blur creates a site of différance in which both media come to a common understanding of one another’s idioms by telling what those idioms always fail to achieve. In this short essay, I will examine ways in which Richter’s photographic and pictorial works, including early monochrome paintings and recent abstract works based on microscopic photographs of molecular structures, attempt to untranslate photographic idioms in order to see painting’s (in)abilities simultaneously. In doing so, I intend to observe in the artist’s pictorial practice an actual phenomenon that the image can designate certain facts or truths only through its inherent plurality, faultiness, and partiality.

Idiomatic Différance: Reflections on Intranslatability in the Works of Gerhard Richter

Translatability of a work of art, according to Walter Benjamin, is an essential ability to allow a translation to take on »a specific significance inherent in the original« so that it will retain a close relationship to the original. In contrast, Gerhard Richter's photo-based paintings show such an auratic significance of the original in its innate deficiency or intranslatability. As Rosemary Hawker puts it, the striking effect of blur in his paintings represents itself at once as a unique photographic idiom and a distinctive shortcoming of photography which impedes the medium from providing viewers with clearly perceivable images; the blur creates a site of différance in which both media come to a common understanding of one another’s idioms by telling what those idioms always fail to achieve. In this short essay, I will examine ways in which Richter’s photographic and pictorial works, including early monochrome paintings and recent abstract works based on microscopic photographs of molecular structures, attempt to untranslate photographic idioms in order to see painting’s (in)abilities simultaneously. In doing so, I intend to observe in the artist’s pictorial practice an actual phenomenon that the image can designate certain facts or truths only through its inherent plurality, faultiness, and partiality.

Umformen mit lasergeschnittenen Lamellenwerkzeugen

Die Tendenz zu immer kürzeren Produktentwicklungszeiten ist in der Industrie ungebrochen. Immer neue Nischenmodelle werden für den Markt entwickelt. Zusätzlich werden die Modellwechselzeiten stetig verkürzt. Die Erstellung von Prototypen und Vorserienteilen sind grundlegende Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Produktentwicklung. Um das Ziel einer Verringerung der Produktentwicklungszeiten umzusetzen müssen die Zeiten zur Prototyperstellung stark reduziert werden. Die "Lamellenwerkzeugtechnik" liefert hier einen entscheidenden Beitrag.

Neue Einblicke in die Praxis der frühen Wiedergutmachung in Bayern: Die Auerbach-Korrespondenz im Bayerischen Hauptstaatsarchiv und die Akten des Strafprozesses gegen die Führung des Landesentschädigungsamtes von 1952

Wie kaum ein anderer hat Philipp Auerbach die Anfänge der Wiedergutmachung in Westdeutschland nach 1945 geprägt. Durch seine zahlreichen Funktionen im Staatsdienst und in Organisationen ehemaliger Verfolgter gelang es ihm, 'Wiedergutmachung' an den Opfern des Nationalsozialismus in einem sehr weiten Sinn zu betreiben. Seine eigenwillige Vorstellung davon, wie Rückerstattung, Entschädigung, Entnazifizierung und öffentliches Gedenken miteinander verbunden werden sollten, trug ihm jedoch heftige Gegnerschaft ein. 1952 wurde er in einem hochpolitischen Prozess verurteilt und nahm sich unmittelbar danach das Leben. Auerbachs Korrespondenz und weitere persönliche Unterlagen aus den Jahren 1946-1951 sind jetzt im Bayerischen Hauptstaatsarchiv zugänglich. Ergänzend können seit kurzem im Staatsarchiv München die Verfahrensakten zum Strafprozess von 1952 eingesehen werden. Beide Archivalienkomplexe zusammen bieten ausgezeichnete Einblicke in die frühe Wiedergutmachungspraxis in Bayern. Sichtbar werden vor allem die vielfältigen Interessenkonflikte, die bei der Entschädigung, der Rückerstattung und der Sühne von NS-Verbrechen auftraten.

Metaheuristics for the Order Batching Problem in Manual Order Picking Systems

In manual order picking systems, order pickers walk or drive through a distribution warehouse in order to collect items which are requested by (internal or external) customers. In order to perform these operations efficiently, it is usually required that customer orders are combined into (more substantial) picking orders of limited size. The Order Batching Problem considered in this paper deals with the question of how a given set of customer orders should be combined such that the total length of all tours is minimized which are necessary to collect all items. The authors introduce two metaheuristic approaches for the solution of this problem: the first one is based on Iterated Local Search; the second on Ant Colony Optimization. In a series of extensive numerical experiments, the newly developed approaches are benchmarked against classic solution methods. It is demonstrated that the proposed methods are not only superior to existing methods but provide solutions which may allow distribution warehouses to be operated significantly more efficiently.