« … Quatre sales enfants métisses ... » - Colonisation par adaptation ? Le cas de Yaoundé.

The article wants to describe, how far colonial administration accepted to adopt local policies of colonized societies. The case study is about the early years of the Jaunde station in German Kamerun. / Le présent article pose la question de savoir jusqu’à quel niveau le pouvoir colonial allemand a été prêt à s'adapter à la situation sociale qu'il a trouvé sur place. La question est traitée à l'exemple de l'histoire du poste de Jaunde (Yaoundé) au Kamerun allemand. // Cameroun (1884-1916), Yaoundé, Georg August Zenker (1855-1922), Richard Kund (1852–1904), Hans Tappenbeck (1861-1889), Kurt von Morgen (1858-1928), Hans Dominik (1870-1910), Essono Ela, Omgba Bisogo, Jaunde, Kamerun, Colonisation allemande

The socio-cultural impact of the introduction of motorbike taxis in the rural community of Tombel, South West region, Cameroon

“The socio-cultural impact of the introduction of motorbike taxis in the rural community of Tombel, South West region, Cameroon” seeks to bring out the impact of commercial motorbike taxis on the lifestyle of the Bakossi. The principal objective of this research is to show how the introduction of motorbike taxis has modified the lifestyle of the Tombel population. This anthropological research defines the profile of a motorbike taxi rider, his role in society, the perception of the population towards this activity and the impact of this activity on the lifestyle of the rural population of Tombel. This study reveals that motorbike taxi riders are essentially made up of youths from all works of life who earn a living by riding a motorbike taxi on a daily bases for commercial purposes. The revenue earn here goes a long way to sustain the livelihood of the rider and his entourage, becoming an ascension tool into the social ladder. The activity is very dangerous not only for the riders buts also for the passengers because of the risks involved in riding for most of the riders do not have the basic knowledge of the road code. This research also reveals that motorbike taxi has become the preferred means of public transport of most inhabitants of Tombel to the point of monopolising certain destinations. The population of Tombel perceives this activity as an instrument of change that has brought development and progress. But this activity also constitutes a social ill because of the prevalent sexual promiscuity encouraged by the riders. This activity has also gotten a cultural impact on the society, changing perceptions and being involve in rituals. Motorbike taxis have become a force to reckon with in the organisation of the community. They are a “response from below” to the transport crises in Cameroon.

La valeur de la femme dans la société traditionnelle Bətí-faŋ

Le Bətí-faŋ est une langue parlée dans la sous-région Afrique centrale, notamment au Cameroun, en Guinée Équatorial, au Gabon et à Sao Tomé et Principe. Le Bətí-faŋ est un peuple fier, avec un passé culturel à la fois important et mystérieux. Certains de ses aspects culturels aujourd'hui sont perdus, dû, en grande partie, à l'action de la religion occidentale et de la colonisation. De nombreuses pratiques alors usitées se voient interdites, à cause des idées préconçues et des interprétations subjectives qui sont accordées à ses pratiques. De même, la valeur et la place que l'Homme Bətí accorde à la femme dans la société s’en trouve pervertie, ceci pour servir les desseins de l’oppresseur. Cet aspect en particulier de la société traditionnelle Bətí-faŋ a souvent porté à polémique. Ces préjugés et interprétations, sont pour la plupart, fréquemment avancées sans que la philosophie de cette société, le contexte, l'époque, et le symbolisme des dits effets ou individus ne soient pris en compte. Cet article va s’arrêter sur la femme Bətí en particulier. Nous essaierons de faire ressortir le symbolisme qui entoure celle-ci. Nous insisterons sur la valeur, ainsi que sur la place et l'importance accordées à celle-ci dans la société traditionnelle des seigneurs de la forêt. Pour se faire, nous porterons notre attention sur les formes de mariages qui ont marquées cette époque. Nous nous étendrons aussi sur l’importance accordée au nombre, ainsi que son impact sur la vie culturelle de l'« Atí ». Nous brosserons enfin, un petit aperçu des rites spécifiques aux femmes qui dénotent de leur impact sur le quotidien des seigneurs de la forêt.

La 'grande chasse' chez les Pygmées Baka du Sud-Est Cameroun. Contribution à l'Anthropologie de l'environnement.

This thesis focuses on “The “great hunting” among the Baka pygmies of the Southeastern Cameroon. A contribution to Anthropology of environment. The problematic in the study is the confrontation of great hunting among the Baka with the institutional, socio-economic and ecological change in forest. The goal is to analyze the mechanisms of adaptation of this game against these changes that affect the Baka environment. The proposed hypothesis suggests that Baka Pygmies have restructured the preparatory ceremonies of the great hunting following changes that occurred in their environmental milieu. Certain ritual animals have been substituted. Hunting lands, tools, methods and periods were also modified. The great hunting is opened to Baka hunters and non Baka hunters. Qualitative techniques, including observation, interviews and focus group discussions were used for data collection. The observations allowed us to understand the reality of driving forces in the forest as well as tools for hunting, hunting land and even the species sought. Interviews and focus group discussions were consolidated data on the ancient practice of hunting for rituals like Jengi and Beka, on the current practice of this hunting and on the impact of the of the modification of this hunting practice on the Baka culture. The results of this research show that the Baka have taken important measure to adapt their great hunting to the changing time and space. But the restructuring of this hunting varies from one village to another. As and when we leave the depths of the forest to the city of Yokadouma the great hunting is practiced less and less. Baka use illegal hunting tools and even fully protected species in their great hunting and in rituals celebrations. The overexploitation of forest resources, the creation of protected areas, full protection of certain large mammals and the action of ecoguards are something of an obstacle to the ancient practice of hunting for ritual. In most of camp where hunting is no more existing, ritual ceremonies are less and less celebrated. The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is related to the literature review, the theoretical framework, the definition of concepts, the second focuses on the geographical presentation of the study area, the third chapter looks at factors affecting the great hunting, the fourth chapter deal with the changes observed in the Baka’s great hunting, and the fifth chapter examines consequences of the restriction or suppression of the hunt on the Baka socio culture.

Tradition: Quoi en faire dans Nous enfants de la tradition de Gaston Paul Effa ?

Tradition is a current concept in african litterature. The paper seeks to analyse focussing on Nous enfants de la tradition by Gaston Paul Effa what can be done from the tradition so that it becomes usefull for today's Africa.