3 resultados para Parkinsoniens--Modification du comportement
em CamPuce - an association for the promotion of science and humanities in African Countries
Resumo:
The aim of this work is to study the thermal behavior of geopolymers derived from kaolinite (clay). The geopolymers were characterized by various technics: Thermal analysis (DTA, TGA and dilatometer), X-ray diffractography (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Certain physical properties of the products were equally determined: linear shrinkage of curing, percentage of water absorption and compressive strength. The results obtained after drying and thermal treatment showed that the products preserved their initial forms, but showed variable colours based on the temperatures they were treated at. The products obtained at 90, 300 and 500 °C contained hydroxysodalite. The synthesis of geopolymers is not complete at 300 °C (presence of kaolinite in the material) but the products obtained are quite consolidated. The geopolymers obtained have weak values of linear shrinkage of curing (less than 0.6 %) and the compressive strength increases from room temperature (4.9 Mpa) up to 400 °C (8.9 MPa) then becomes constant between 400 and 500 °C. The combination of results demonstrates the efficiency of the temperature parameter during the synthesis of geopolymers based on kaolinite. // L’objet de ce travail est l’étude du comportement thermique des géopolymères à base d’une argile kaolinite. Les produits obtenus ont été caractérisés au moyen de plusieurs techniques : analyses thermiques (ATD, ATG et dilatométrie), microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), analyse par diffraction de rayons X (DRX), analyse infrarouge par transformée de Fourier (IRTF). Certaines propriétés physiques des produits obtenus ont également été déterminées : retrait linéaire de cuisson, pourcentage d’absorption d’eau et résistance à la compression. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’après le séchage et à la fin du traitement thermique, les éprouvettes des produits conservent leur forme initiale mais présentent une variation de couleur en fonction de la température de traitement. Les produits obtenus à 90, 300 et 500 °C contiennent de l’hydroxysodalite. La réaction de synthèse géopolymère n’est pas encore terminée au moins à 300 °C (présence de kaolinite dans le matériau) mais les produits obtenus sont assez consolidés. Les géopolymères obtenus présentent de faibles valeurs de retrait linéaire de cuisson (inférieure à 0,6 %) et une résistance à la compression qui augmente de la température ambiante (4,9 MPa) jusqu’à 400 °C (8,9 MPa) puis devient constante entre 400 et 500 °C. L’ensemble de ces résultats permet de mettre en exergue l’efficacité du paramètre « température » au cours de la synthèse des géopolymères à base de kaolinite.
Resumo:
En septembre 2010, sept employés d’Areva dont cinq français sont enlevés sur le site d’Arlit au Niger par AQMI. Immédiatement, la France procède à un important déploiement de militaires au Niger et au Burkina Faso pour combattre les ravisseurs. Toutefois, l’observation du cadre constitué par les objectifs manifestes, le comportement,les ressources et contraintes qu’affronte la France permet de déceler l’existence d’autres enjeux se nouant autour de la participation française à la lutte contre AQMI. Cet article se propose de démontrer comment la France mobilise AQMI comme ressource en vue d’imposer « choc » et « effroi » au Niger. // Niger, France, Al-Qaida au Maghreb islamique, Terrorisme
Resumo:
This thesis focuses on “The “great hunting” among the Baka pygmies of the Southeastern Cameroon. A contribution to Anthropology of environment. The problematic in the study is the confrontation of great hunting among the Baka with the institutional, socio-economic and ecological change in forest. The goal is to analyze the mechanisms of adaptation of this game against these changes that affect the Baka environment. The proposed hypothesis suggests that Baka Pygmies have restructured the preparatory ceremonies of the great hunting following changes that occurred in their environmental milieu. Certain ritual animals have been substituted. Hunting lands, tools, methods and periods were also modified. The great hunting is opened to Baka hunters and non Baka hunters. Qualitative techniques, including observation, interviews and focus group discussions were used for data collection. The observations allowed us to understand the reality of driving forces in the forest as well as tools for hunting, hunting land and even the species sought. Interviews and focus group discussions were consolidated data on the ancient practice of hunting for rituals like Jengi and Beka, on the current practice of this hunting and on the impact of the of the modification of this hunting practice on the Baka culture. The results of this research show that the Baka have taken important measure to adapt their great hunting to the changing time and space. But the restructuring of this hunting varies from one village to another. As and when we leave the depths of the forest to the city of Yokadouma the great hunting is practiced less and less. Baka use illegal hunting tools and even fully protected species in their great hunting and in rituals celebrations. The overexploitation of forest resources, the creation of protected areas, full protection of certain large mammals and the action of ecoguards are something of an obstacle to the ancient practice of hunting for ritual. In most of camp where hunting is no more existing, ritual ceremonies are less and less celebrated. The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is related to the literature review, the theoretical framework, the definition of concepts, the second focuses on the geographical presentation of the study area, the third chapter looks at factors affecting the great hunting, the fourth chapter deal with the changes observed in the Baka’s great hunting, and the fifth chapter examines consequences of the restriction or suppression of the hunt on the Baka socio culture.