Ocular involvement in paediatric haemolytic uraemic syndrome

The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and severity of ocular involvement in paediatric patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS).

Semantic memory involvement in the default mode network: a functional neuroimaging study using independent component analysis

The Default Mode Network (DMN) is a higher order functional neural network that displays activation during passive rest and deactivation during many types of cognitive tasks. Accordingly, the DMN is viewed to represent the neural correlate of internally-generated self-referential cognition. This hypothesis implies that the DMN requires the involvement of cognitive processes, like declarative memory. The present study thus examines the spatial and functional convergence of the DMN and the semantic memory system. Using an active block-design functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) paradigm and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), we trace the DMN and fMRI signal changes evoked by semantic, phonological and perceptual decision tasks upon visually-presented words. Our findings show less deactivation during semantic compared to the two non-semantic tasks for the entire DMN unit and within left-hemispheric DMN regions, i.e., the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the retrosplenial cortex, the angular gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus and the anterior temporal region, as well as the right cerebellum. These results demonstrate that well-known semantic regions are spatially and functionally involved in the DMN. The present study further supports the hypothesis of the DMN as an internal mentation system that involves declarative memory functions.

[Non-oculomotor eye involvement in Moebius sequence]

Moebius sequence is a congenital disorder that not only affects the oculomotor system but also the eyes themselves. Ocular involvement might be sight-threatening and needs regular follow-up by an ophthalmologist.

Expansive nasopalatine duct cysts with nasal involvement mimicking apical lesions of endodontic origin: a report of two cases

The nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) is the most frequent nonodontogenic cyst of the jaws and can be misinterpreted as an apical lesion of endodontic origin.

The nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of the relation between clinical symptoms, cyst dimensions, and involvement of neighboring anatomical structures using cone beam computed tomography

This study evaluates the dimensions of nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) and the involvement of neighboring anatomical structures using standardized limited cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a possible correlation to the patient's age, gender, preoperative symptoms, and postsurgical complications.

Atypical presentation of Behçet's disease with central nervous system involvement successfully treated with infliximab

Central nervous system involvement is a rare and serious complication of Behçet's disease (BD). Herein, we describe a patient with an atypical central lesion, who experienced progressive hypesthesia of the right arm and sensory loss of the trigeminal nerve together with intense headache. A repeated biopsy was necessary to conclusively establish the diagnosis of BD. Therapy with infusions of infliximab led to a remarkable full remission. TNFα-blocking therapy was successfully replaced by azathioprine. The present well-illustrated case demonstrates the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of BD with central nervous system involvement, the dramatic benefit of short given TNF-α-blocking agent, and the long-term remission with azathioprin.

High expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4A, prominin-1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase strongly indicates involvement in the initiation of lung adenocarcinoma resulting in shorter disease-free intervals

The increasing relevance of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis and the impact of CSC-associated markers in the carcinogenesis of solid tumours may provide potential prognostic implications in lung cancer. We propose that a collective genetic analysis of established CSC-related markers will generate data to better define the role of putative CSCs in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).