Who gets the high quality jobs ten years after compulsory school?

Good work quality is crucial for employee well-being and health. Indicators of work quality are, among others, aspects of one’s work organization and learning opportunities. Based on the Job-Demands Control model we investigate if a) young employees are confronted with different combinations of job characteristics, b) cluster membership is predicted through socio-demographic and educational factors as well as positive self-evaluations and health, and c) cluster membership leads to different associations with job-related and general well-being. Based on TREE (Transition from Education to Employment) data we found three clusters of job characteristics, i.e. high resources – low demands, medium resources – medium demands, and low resources – high demands. Likelihood to be in a more favourable group was higher for females and young employees who reported more positive self-evaluations and higher learning efforts after compulsory school. Young employees in more favourable groups also reported higher levels of job-related and general well-being.

The World Trade Organization at Work: Performance in a Member-Driven Milieu

This article discusses performance in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Applying the framework by Gutner and Thompson and inspired by principal-agent theory, it is argued that existing studies have underspecified the institutional milieu that affects performance. The WTO represents a member-driven organization where Members are part of the international organization (IO) (e.g., through rule-making) and at the same time act outside the IO (e.g., through implementation). Thus, a narrow reading of the IO (focusing on the civil servants and the Director-General and his staff) will not suffice to understand IO performance in the WTO context. Selected evidence is presented to illustrate aspects of the WTO’s inner-working and the institutional milieu of performance. In addition, the article discusses a number of performance parameters, including the relationship between Secretariat autonomy and performance, the role of information, and the mechanisms of performance aggregation. The article ends by cautioning against quick fixes to the system to improve performance.

The World Trade Organization - Law, Practice and Policy, 3rd edition

The WTO is one of the most important intergovernmental organizations in the world, yet the way in which it functions as an organization and the scope of its authority and power are still poorly understood. This comprehensively revised new edition of the acclaimed work by an outstanding team of WTO law specialists provides a complete overview of the law and practice of the WTO.

Cycling in the nucleus: regulation of RNA 3' processing and nuclear organization of replication-dependent histone genes.

The histones which pack new DNA during the S phase of animal cells are made from mRNAs that are cleaved at their 3' end but not polyadenylated. Some of the factors used in this reaction are unique to it while others are shared with the polyadenylation process that generates all other mRNAs. Recent work has begun to shed light on how the cell manages the assignment of these common components to the two 3' processing systems, and how it achieves their cell cycle-regulation and recruitment to the histone pre-mRNA. Moreover, recent and older findings reveal multiple connections between the nuclear organization of histone genes, their transcription and 3' end processing as well as the control of cell proliferation.