8 resultados para Vitorino Nemésio (1901-1978)

em BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça


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Welche politischen Voraussetzungen müssen gegeben sein, damit Regierungen den Staatshaushalt konsolidieren? In diesem Beitrag konzentrieren wir uns auf zwei Erklärungsgrößen: Die parteipolitische Zusammensetzung einer Regierung und die Breite der Regierungskoalition. Wir zeigen einerseits, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Initiierung eines Konsolidierungsprogramms unter Parteien der politischen Rechten sowie unter kleinen Reformkoalitionen (Einparteienregierungen und minimal winning Koalitionen) am höchsten ist. Andererseits finden wir ein nahezu entgegengesetztes Muster bezüglich des Umfangs der verabschiedeten Sparmaßnahmen. Hier zeigt sich, dass die Breite der Regierungskoalition grundsätzlich einen positiven Einfluss auf die Größe des Konsolidierungsprogramms ausübt. Zudem fallen die Sparpakete rechter Parteien generell bescheidener aus als jene ihrer Konkurrenten der politischen Mitte und Linken. Wir erklären diese Ergebnisse mit den strategischen und wahlpolitischen Optionen der Akteure, auf Basis eines Vergleichs von 17 OECD-Ländern zwischen 1978 und 2009.

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Climatic relationships were established in two 210Pb dated pollen sequences from small mires closely surrounded by forest just below actual forest limits (but about 300 m below potential climatic forest limits) in the northern Swiss Alps (suboceanic in climate; mainly with Picea) and the central Swiss Alps (subcontinental; mainly Pinus cembra and Larix) at annual or near-annual resolution from ad 1901 to 1996. Effects of vegetational succession were removed by splitting the time series into early and late periods and by linear detrending. Both pollen concentrations detrended by the depth-age model and modified percentages (in which counts of dominant pollen types are down-weighted) are correlated by simple linear regression with smoothed climatic parameters with one-and two-year timelags, including average monthly and April/September daylight air temperatures and with seasonal and annual precipitation sums. Results from detrended pollen concentrations suggest that peat accumulation is favoured in the northern-Alpine mire either by early snowmelt or by summer precipitation, but in the central-Alpine mire by increased precipitation and cooler summers, suggesting a position of the northern-Alpine mire near the upper altitudinal limit of peat formation, but of the central-Alpine mire near the lower limit. Results from modified pollen percentages indicate that pollen pro duction by plants growing near their upper altitudinal limit is limited by insufficient warmth in summer, and pollen production by plants growing near their lower altitudinal limit is limited by too-high temperatures. Only weakly significant pollen/climate relationships were found for Pinus cembra and Larix, probably because they experience little climatic stress growing 300 m below the potential climatic forest limit.