American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society of Hematology clinical practice guideline update on the use of epoetin and darbepoetin in adult patients with cancer

Purpose To update American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society of Hematology recommendations for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with cancer. Methods An Update Committee reviewed data published between January 2007 and January 2010. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched. Results The literature search yielded one new individual patient data analysis and four literature-based meta-analyses, two systematic reviews, and 13 publications reporting new results from randomized controlled trials not included in prior or new reviews. Recommendations For patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy who have a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 10 g/dL, the Update Committee recommends that clinicians discuss potential harms (eg, thromboembolism, shorter survival) and benefits (eg, decreased transfusions) of ESAs and compare these with potential harms (eg, serious infections, immune-mediated adverse reactions) and benefits (eg, rapid Hb improvement) of RBC transfusions. Individual preferences for assumed risk should contribute to shared decisions on managing chemotherapy-induced anemia. The Committee cautions against ESA use under other circumstances. If used, ESAs should be administered at the lowest dose possible and should increase Hb to the lowest concentration possible to avoid transfusions. Available evidence does not identify Hb levels � 10 g/dL either as thresholds for initiating treatment or as targets for ESA therapy. Starting doses and dose modifications after response or nonresponse should follow US Food and Drug Administration–approved labeling. ESAs should be discontinued after 6 to 8 weeks in nonresponders. ESAs should be avoided in patients with cancer not receiving concurrent chemotherapy, except for those with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Caution should be exercised when using ESAs with chemotherapeutic agents in diseases associated with increased risk of thromboembolic complications. Table 1 lists detailed recommendations. This guideline was developed through a collaboration between the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology and has been published jointly by invitation and consent in both Journal of Clinical Oncology and Blood.

American Society of Hematology/American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on the use of epoetin and darbepoetin in adult patients with cancer

Purpose: To update American Society of Hematology/American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with cancer. Methods: An Update Committee reviewed data published between January 2007 and January 2010. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched. Results: The literature search yielded one new individual patient data analysis and four literature-based meta-analyses, two systematic reviews, and 13 publications reporting new results from randomized controlled trials not included in prior or new reviews. Recommendations: For patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy who have a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 10 g/dL, the Update Committee recommends that clinicians discuss potential harms (eg, thromboembolism, shorter survival) and benefits (eg, decreased transfusions) of ESAs and compare these with potential harms (eg, serious infections, immune-mediated adverse reactions) and benefits (eg, rapid Hb improvement) of RBC transfusions. Individual preferences for assumed risk should contribute to shared decisions on managing chemotherapy-induced anemia. The Committee cautions against ESA use under other circumstances. If used, ESAs should be administered at the lowest dose possible and should increase Hb to the lowest concentration possible to avoid transfusions. Available evidence does not identify Hb levels 10 g/dL either as thresholds for initiating treatment or as targets for ESA therapy. Starting doses and dose modifications after response or nonresponse should follow US Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling. ESAs should be discontinued after 6 to 8 weeks in nonresponders. ESAs should be avoided in patients with cancer not receiving concurrent chemotherapy, except for those with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Caution should be exercised when using ESAs with chemotherapeutic agents in diseases associated with increased risk of thromboembolic complications. Table 1 lists detailed recommendations.

Hospital for joint diseases participates in international spine registry Spine Tango after successful pilot study

Spine Tango is currently the only international spine registry in existence. It was developed under the auspices of Eurospine, the Spine Society of Europe, and is hosted at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The HJD Spine Center successfully tested Spine Tango during a 3-month pilot study and has since expanded documentation activities to more surgeons. Workflow integration and dedicated research staff are key factors for such an endeavor. Participation enables benchmarking against national and international peers and outcome research and quality assurance of surgical and non-surgical treatments.

Transgressive sporting bodies - A theoretical and critical dicourse analysis of the representation of Caster Semenya in Swiss print media

A debate about Caster Semenya's female sex began shortly after the South African runner won gold in the women’s 800m final at the 2009 Athletic World Championships held in Berlin. Her victory was disputed through questions about her right to compete as a ‘woman’, with the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) announcing she would be required to undergo a gender verification test before her victory could be confirmed. Using the theoretical frame of social constructionism (Berger & Luckmann), poststructuralism (Foucault), gender- and postcolonial theories (Butler; Hall; Spivak) and the methodology of critical discourse analysis (Jaeger), the paper explores the way the possible intersexuality of Caster Semenya was contextualised in mainstream Swiss German-language print media. The analyses will firstly look at the way in which Caster Semenya was constructed as a ʻfallen hero’ and stigmatised as a double-dealer and unacceptable deviant body. The rumours amongst athletes and commentators became news in the media, which focused on descriptions of her habitus, her muscular body and her deep voice. Through theoretical discussion the paper argues that the media response to Caster Semenya exemplifies Butler’s claim that the discursive framework of gender constructs and naturalises sex. A key question is therefore whether the designation of deviant bodies to a ʻfield of deformation’ (Butler) works to pluralise the field of gender, or rather, as Butler suggests, it tends that those bodies might call into questions. The final part of the paper discusses how gender, ethnicity and sexuality combine to constitute the black female sporting body as a spectacle of otherness. It is evident that this otherness is made manifest through the function of those bodies as a site of transgression, as the boundary between male and female, and often as the boundary between culture and nature (Hall). Using the example of the controversy surrounding Caster Semenya, this paper aims to demonstrate how the post/colonial white female body is reproduced by western norms of gender, sexuality, beauty and sporting behaviour, in the sense of a feminine sporting genderperformance. The media controversy will be also read through the lens of the globalisation of certain ideas of normative bodies, sex, ethnicity and gender and the challenge of changing stereotypes through transgression. Keywords: gender- and postcolonial theories, discourse analysis, print media, Caster Semen-ya, deviant body, ethnicity, intersexuality

Transgressive sporting bodies - A theoretical and critical dicourse analysis of the representation of Caster Semenya in Swiss print media

A debate about Caster Semenya's female sex began shortly after the South African runner won gold in the women’s 800m final at the 2009 Athletic World Championships held in Berlin. Her victory was disputed through questions about her right to compete as a ‘woman’, with the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) announcing she would be required to undergo a gender verification test before her victory could be confirmed. Using the theoretical frame of social constructionism (Berger & Luckmann), poststructuralism (Foucault), gender- and postcolonial theories (Butler; Hall; Spivak) and the methodology of critical discourse analysis (Jaeger), the paper explores the way the possible intersexuality of Caster Semenya was contextualised in mainstream Swiss German-language print media. The analyses will firstly look at the way in which Caster Semenya was constructed as a ʻfallen hero’ and stigmatised as a double-dealer and unacceptable deviant body. The rumours amongst athletes and commentators became news in the media, which focused on descriptions of her habitus, her muscular body and her deep voice. Through theoretical discussion the paper argues that the media response to Caster Semenya exemplifies Butler’s claim that the discursive framework of gender constructs and naturalises sex. A key question is therefore whether the designation of deviant bodies to a ʻfield of deformation’ (Butler) works to pluralise the field of gender, or rather, as Butler suggests, it tends that those bodies might call into questions. The final part of the paper discusses how gender, ethnicity and sexuality combine to constitute the black female sporting body as a spectacle of otherness. It is evident that this otherness is made manifest through the function of those bodies as a site of transgression, as the boundary between male and female, and often as the boundary between culture and nature (Hall). Using the example of the controversy surrounding Caster Semenya, this paper aims to demonstrate how the post/colonial white female body is reproduced by western norms of gender, sexuality, beauty and sporting behaviour, in the sense of a feminine sporting genderperformance. The media controversy will be also read through the lens of the globalisation of certain ideas of normative bodies, sex, ethnicity and gender and the challenge of changing stereotypes through transgression. Keywords: gender- and postcolonial theories, discourse analysis, print media, Caster Semen-ya, deviant body, ethnicity, intersexuality

„Mönch und Jungfrau“ Eine Diskurs- und Dispositivanalyse zur medialen Konstruktion abweichender Geschlechtlichkeit der südafrikanischen 800 Meterläuferin Caster Semenya

Einleitung Die mediale Debatte um das Geschlecht der südafrikanischen 800 Meterläuferin Casta Semenya entbrannte in dem Moment, in dem die Athletin im Finale der Leichtathletik Weltmeisterschaften in Berlin am 19. August 2009 als erste über die Ziellinie lief. Ihr Sieg war begleitet von vielseitig öffentlich geäusserten Zweifeln an ihrer Zuordnung zur weiblichen Geschlechterkategorie. und damit ihrem Recht, mit Frauen in sportlichen Wettstreit zu treten. Die International Association of Athletics Federations (IAFF) forderte für die Anerkennung der gewonnen Goldmedaille einen sogenannten Geschlechtertest (gender verification test). Theorie, Fragestellung und Methode Aus sozialkonstruktivistischer (Berger & Luckmann) poststrukturalistischer (Foucault) sowie gender und postkolonialer (Butler; Hall; Spivak) Perspektive, wird durch den diskursanalytischen Ansatz (Jäger) aufgezeigt, wie eine mögliche Intersexualität der nicht weissen, südafrikanischen Läufer_in Casta Semenya im hegemonialen Diskurs deutsch-schweizerischer Printmedien verhandelt wurde. Eine zentrale Fragestellung ist, wie der Körper als deviant konstruiert wurde und welche Diskursverschränkungen eine Pluralisierung und Diversifizierung hätten nahelegen können, jedoch zu der gänzlichen Infragestellung des als abweichend rezipierten Körpers und seiner legitimen Existenz im leistungssportlichen Kontext führte. Im Zusammenhang mit der Fragestellung werden empirisch Befunde zu intersektioneller Überlagerungen der Differenzkategorien, Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Sexualität vorgestellt. Ergebnisse und Diskussion In der abschliessenden Diskussion wird durch eine theoriegeleitete Kontextualisierung aufgezeigt, wie die verschränkten Kategorien Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Sexualität den nicht weissen, Körper als spektakulär Anderen konstituierten (Gilman). Am Beispiel des vielfältig verschränkten Diskurses zu Casta Semenya wird in Rückbezug auf postkoloniale Theorien gezeigt, wie an hegemonialen westlichen Normen eines weissen weiblichen Sportkörpers das „Othering“ des vermeintlich devianten Körper vollzogen wird (Coleman-Bell; Hall). Deutlich wird am Ende, dass nicht nur das binäre, geschlechterdifferenzierende Modell des Sports im Diskurs rekonsolidiert wurde, sondern vor allem auch die Postulate der Natürlichkeit, Fairness und Chancengleichheit des Leistungssports.

„Mönch und Jungfrau“. Eine Diskurs- und Dispositivanalyse zur medialen Konstruktion abweichender Geschlechtlichkeit der südafrikanischen 800 Meterläuferin Caster Semenya

Einleitung: Die mediale Debatte um das Geschlecht der südafrikanischen 800 Meterläuferin Casta Semenya entbrannte in dem Moment, in dem die Athletin im Finale der Leichtathletik Weltmeisterschaften in Berlin am 19. August 2009 als erste über die Ziellinie lief. Ihr Sieg war begleitet von vielseitig öffentlich geäusserten Zweifeln an ihrer Zuordnung zur weiblichen Geschlechterkategorie. und damit ihrem Recht, mit Frauen in sportlichen Wettstreit zu treten. Die International Association of Athletics Federations (IAFF) forderte für die Anerkennung der gewonnen Goldmedaille einen sogenannten Geschlechtertest (gender verification test). Theorie, Fragestellung und Methode Aus sozialkonstruktivistischer (Berger & Luckmann) poststrukturalistischer (Foucault) sowie gender und postkolonialer (Butler; Hall; Spivak) Perspektive, wird durch den diskursanalytischen Ansatz (Jäger) aufgezeigt, wie eine mögliche Intersexualität der nicht weissen, südafrikanischen Läufer_in Casta Semenya im hegemonialen Diskurs deutsch-schweizerischer Printmedien verhandelt wurde. Eine zentrale Fragestellung ist, wie der Körper als deviant konstruiert wurde und welche Diskursverschränkungen eine Pluralisierung und Diversifizierung hätten nahelegen können, jedoch zu der gänzlichen Infragestellung des als abweichend rezipierten Körpers und seiner legitimen Existenz im leistungssportlichen Kontext führte. Im Zusammenhang mit der Fragestellung werden empirisch Befunde zu intersektioneller Überlagerungen der Differenzkategorien, Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Sexualität vorgestellt. Ergebnisse und Diskussion In der abschliessenden Diskussion wird durch eine theoriegeleitete Kontextualisierung aufgezeigt, wie die verschränkten Kategorien Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Sexualität den nicht weissen, Körper als spektakulär Anderen konstituierten (Gilman). Am Beispiel des vielfältig verschränkten Diskurses zu Casta Semenya wird in Rückbezug auf postkoloniale Theorien gezeigt, wie an hegemonialen westlichen Normen eines weissen weiblichen Sportkörpers das „Othering“ des vermeintlich devianten Körper vollzogen wird (Coleman-Bell; Hall). Deutlich wird am Ende, dass nicht nur das binäre, geschlechterdifferenzierende Modell des Sports im Diskurs rekonsolidiert wurde, sondern vor allem auch die Postulate der Natürlichkeit, Fairness und Chancengleichheit des Leistungssports.