Simultaneous detection and discrimination of virulent and benign Dichelobacter nodosus in sheep of flocks affected by foot rot and in clinically healthy flocks by competitive real-time PCR.

Ovine foot rot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is affecting sheep worldwide. The current diagnostic methods are difficult and cumbersome. Here, we present a competitive real-time PCR based on allelic discrimination of the protease genes aprV2 and aprB2. This method allows direct detection and differentiation of virulent and benign D. nodosus from interdigital skin swabs in a single test. Clinically affected sheep harbored high loads of only virulent strains, whereas healthy sheep had lower loads of predominantly benign strains.

Weiss auf Rot. Das Schweizer Kreuz zwischen nationaler Identität und Corporate Identity

Das Schweizer Kreuz hat als Zeichen ausserordentliche Qualitäten und ein enormes Potenzial. Seine Verwendung geht weit über den unmittelbaren Bereich von Staat und Nation hinaus. Die Publikation der Hochschule der Künste Bern HKB erschliesst dieses Phänomen mit illustrierten Beiträgen von Fachleuten aus verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Fachrichtungen. Für Nation, Staat, Politik und im Sport steht es als Symbol, im Kontext Wirtschaft ist es Teil von Logos, im Zusammenhang von Lifestyle und Zeitgeist tritt es als modisches Ornament auf. Das Schweizer Kreuz macht TrägerInnen und AbsenderInnen identifizierbar: Abstimmungsunterlagen als staatliche Dokumente, die Sportlerin als Mitglied des Nationalteams, den Inhaber eines Pas-ses oder einer Identitätskarte als Schweizer Bürger; Post oder SBB als schweizerische Dienstleister; die Besitzerin einer Tasche als Vertreterin einer Lifestyle-Gruppe oder Nachzüglerin eines sinkenden Trends; das Mineralwasser als natürliches, gesundes Produkt; eine Alu-Trinkflasche als flottes Qualitätsprodukt. Interdisziplinärer Zugang «Weiss auf Rot. Das Schweizer Kreuz zwischen nationaler Identität und Corporate Identity» ist eine Textsammlung, die entsprechend der Vielfältigkeit des Themas auch eine Vielfalt von Annäherungen an den Gegenstand bietet. Die 13 wissenschaftlichen Texte werden ergänzt durch fünf Interviews mit VertreterInnen aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Sportwissenschaft und Gestaltung, die in ihrem berufli-chen Alltag einen praktischen Bezug zum Schweizer Kreuz haben.

Outbreak of severe foot rot associated with benign Dichelobacter nodosus in an Alpine ibex colony in the Swiss Prealps.

An outbreak of foot rot occurred in the ibex colony "Vanil Noir" in Switzerland from May to December 2014. This article describes field observations and the analyses carried out on the limbs of 3 animals submitted for postmortem examination. Disease signs observed in the field included lameness, poor body condition and overgrown hooves. Macroscopic examination of selected limbs revealed severe lesions in all of them, including interdigital inflammation with ulceration and malodorous exudation. Histological changes were consistent with chronic laminitis with bone resorption, which was not detected at radiographical examination. Grocott-positive organisms compatible with Dichelobacternodosus were detected in the lesions. Samples collected from the lesions were positive by polymerase chain reaction for benign D. nodosus, which is typically associated with only mild lesions in domestic sheep. Whether D. nodosus is endemic in the colony or had previously been transmitted from sympatric domestic livestock is unclear. The unusual warm and humid weather conditions in 2014 may well have contributed to the outbreak.

Rotational atherectomy followed by drug-eluting stent implantation (Rota-DES): a rational approach for complex calcified coronary lesions

Rotational atherectomy has been regaining interest over the last couple of years after it almost has disappeared from most interventional catheterization laboratories for several years due to failure to prove its original concept of improving long term results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) as was repeatedly shown in studies in the 1990s. Its revival coupled the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES); these devices have led to treating much more complex lesions and high-risk patients by PCI. However, real-world experience suggested that off-label use of DES is associated with a higher rate of early and late stent thrombosis. Therefore, more attention is now being paid to the initial implantation technique of DES including aggressive lesion preparation to facilitate stent delivery and expansion. The limited studies with rot-ablation and DES showed promising results with no long term safety concerns. In these studies, a subtle observation was made suggesting that rot-ablation prior to DES implantation in such lesions may have an add-on effect on long term outcome compared to DES alone. An ongoing multicenter study is investigating such effect among complex calcified coronary lesions. Even if this additive benefit does not prove true, rot-ablation remains an efficient tool for preparing certain lesions to facilitate effective and safe DES implantation. Therefore, interventional training programs should focus on this difficult technique to bridge the gap of experience which resulted from neglecting it for several years. In this regard, dedicated courses at experienced sites as well as medical simulation may be appropriate.

DARC shuttles inflammatory chemokines across the blood-brain barrier during autoimmune central nervous system inflammation

The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines, DARC, belongs to the family of atypical heptahelical chemokine receptors that do not couple to G proteins and therefore fail to transmit conventional intracellular signals. Here we show that during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, the expression of DARC is upregulated at the blood-brain barrier. These findings are corroborated by the presence of a significantly increased number of subcortical white matter microvessels staining positive for DARC in human multiple sclerosis brains as compared to control tissue. Using an in vitro blood-brain barrier model we demonstrated that endothelial DARC mediates the abluminal to luminal transport of inflammatory chemokines across the blood-brain barrier. An involvement of DARC in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis was confirmed by the observed ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Darc(-/-) C57BL/6 and SJL mice, as compared to wild-type control littermates. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis studies in bone marrow chimeric Darc(-/-) and wild-type mice revealed that increased plasma levels of inflammatory chemokines in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis depended on the presence of erythrocyte DARC. However, fully developed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis required the expression of endothelial DARC. Taken together, our data show a role for erythrocyte DARC as a chemokine reservoir and that endothelial DARC contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by shuttling chemokines across the blood-brain barrier.

Picea abies in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats

Among the coniferous species, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is one of the most important trees in Europe both for economic and ecological aspects, with a long tradition of cultivation. It can be a big tree, reaching 50-60 m in height with a straight and regular trunk, particularly used for timber constructions, pulpwood for paper and furniture. This widespread species dominates the Boreal forests in Northern Europe and the subalpine areas of the Alps and Carpathian Mountains. Thanks to its high performances in different site conditions, it can also be found outside its natural distribution on lower elevations in more temperate forests. Norway spruce has been massively planted up to its niche limits, where it is particularly susceptible to heat and drought, due to its shallow root system. For this reason it is expected to be severely affected under global warming conditions. Disturbed and weakened plants can be easily attacked by rot fungi such as Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria, or by the bark beetles Ips typographus, one of the most destructive spruce forest pests.

Wahlen

Die Diskussionen um die kantonalen Wahlrechtsreformen, den doppelten Pukelsheim und die Höhe von Wahlhürden halten an. - In sechs Kantonen fanden 2014 Gesamterneuerungswahlen für die Parlamente statt. Verliererin ist die BDP, die in Bern elf Sitze verliert; per Saldo legt die GLP um elf und die SVP um zehn Sitze zu. Die FDP verliert insgesamt acht und die CVP sechs Sitze. Die GP kann sich erholen und die SP stagniert. - Die in sechs Kantonen geführten Angriffe der SVP auf Regierungsmandate scheitern mit Ausnahme des Kantons Glarus; in Neuenburg verliert die Volkspartei ihren 2013 eroberten Sitz nach nur einem Jahr wieder an die FDP. - Im Kanton Glarus verliert die SP ihren seit 1942 gehaltenen Regierungssitz an die SVP. - In Bern wird die rot-grüne Regierungsmehrheit nur dank des Jurasitzes verteidigt. - In Nidwalden und in Glarus werden Amtierende abgewählt; in Nidwalden bleibt die Regierungszusammensetzung aber bestehen. - Im Kanton Glarus müssen beide verstorbenen Ständeräte ersetzt werden; die FDP und die SVP können ihre Sitze verteidigen.