Reference photographs for nasolabial appearance rating in unilateral cleft lip and palate

A popular method for nasolabial rating in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is the Asher-McDade system consisting of a 5-point ordinal scale assessing nasal form, nasal symmetry, nasal profile, and vermilion border. The aim of the current study was to identify reference photographs illustrating this scale to facilitate its use.Four observers assessed nasolabial appearance on frontal and profile photographs of the nasolabial area of 42 children of Caucasian origin with a repaired UCLP at age 9 years. Cronbachs alpha, based on the individual scores of the 4 observers, ranged from 0.73 to 0.82 for the 4 nasolabial ratings, indicating a good reliability. The reliability of the overall score (mean of the 4 component scores) was also high (Cronbachs alpha, 0.83). Both for the nasolabial component ratings and for the overall score, duplicate measurement errors were small. The reliability for the mean of the 4 observers' scores was good, Spearman rank correlation coefficients ranging from 0.56 to 0.96.Subsequently, photographs were selected that showed the highest agreement among observers. For each of the 4 components (eg, nasal form, nasal deviation, nasal profile, and shape of the vermilion border), 5 photographs were selected to illustrate the whole range of the scale (score, 1-5), resulting in the selection of 20 pictures.It was concluded that nasolabial appearance rating can be performed reliably using a panel of judges and averaging the scores of all observers. Reference photographs, as developed from this study, may facilitate the rating task.

Motifs slaves dans les lettres autrichiennes du XIXe siècle: tentative de compréhension et de synthèse dans le cas de Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach

Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach (1830-1916) was born and grew up in Moravia. Despite the fact that her very first language was Czech, all her literary work was written in German ; despite of her Czech origins from her fatherside, all the references to be found in her work concerning the social and national development of the Czech society of that time express, if not animosity, at least a total lack of understanding. Everthing happens as if the author just wanted to confirm and uphold the official views of the Austrian Monarchy. In this article, I’d like to show, mainly on the example of the novel Božena (1876), that a more careful reading which would take into account not only the textual statements of the writer, but as well the composition of the plot and the various behaviors of the Czech and German protagonists, could allow to bring nuances to Ebner-Eschenbach’s position towards the Czech – namely to see that she was perfectly aware and respectful of the cultural diversity and complexity of the Czech lands and that she felt a deep compassion for the claims of the minorities asking for the transformation of the Habsburg Empire into a Federation of free nations.

Poetik des Unbehagens. Unlust als 'point de départ' in Romanen Marie NDiayes

Die Romane der französischen Autorin Marie NDiaye (geb. 1967) sind durchzogen von Zuständen des Unwohlseins: NDiayes Protagonistinnen werden auf diffuse Weise sozial ausgegrenzt oder massiv bedrängt, verlieren die Kontrolle über ihren Körper oder geraten in schwindelerregende Zweifel über den Realitätsgehalt ihrer Sinneswahrnehmungen und Erinnerungen. Anhand der Romane "En famille" (1990), "Autoportrait en vert" (2005) und "Mon cœur à l’étroit" (2007) zeigt der Aufsatz, dass diese Momente des Unbehagens nicht nur die Suchbewegungen und Erkenntnisprozesse der Romanfiguren auslösen, sondern auch die kreative Spannung bilden, die den Vorgang der literarischen inventio in Gang setzt. Theoretische Modelle einer Psychologie, in der Unlust als Antrieb fungiert, finden sich bei Leibniz, Locke und Freud; Elemente einer Narratologie der Unlust, mit der sich die quête-Struktur von NDiayes Romanen beschreiben lässt, bietet die strukturalistische Märchentheorie Wladimir Propps und seiner Nachfolger.