The Role of Small and Medium-sized Centers for Territorial Development in Switzerland

This paper describes the role of small and medium-sized urban centers in Switzerland. Switzerland is a highly urbanized country where small and medium-sized urban centers play an important role in ensuring a balanced national urban system. Besides the four largest metropolitan regions （Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Bern）, small and medium-sized towns function as central places for a wider, often extensive hinterland. They provide opportunities for living and working and they connect rural and mountain regions to national and international networks. Using secondary statistics and a case study, the paper shows that small and medium-sized urban centers are home to significant concentrations of export-oriented industries. Firms in these value-adding secondary sectors are rooted in these places and benefit from strong local embeddedness while also being oriented towards global markets. Small and medium-sized urban centers also profit from their strong local identities. While these places face various challenges, they function as important pillars in creating a balanced regional development pattern. Swiss regional development policy follows the goal of polycentric spatial development and it employs various instruments that aim to ensure a balanced urban system.

Contrasts, Contacts, and Interconnections — Tel Kinrot as an Early Iron Age Key Site in the Northern Jordan Rift Valley at the Dawn of the 1st Millennium BCE

Ancient Kinneret (Tēl Kinrōt [Hebrew]; Tell el-ʿOrēme [Arabic]) is located on a steep limestone hill on the northwestern shores of the Sea of Galilee (2508.7529 [NIG]). The site, whose settlement history began sometime during the Pottery-Neolithic or the early Chalcolithic period, is emerging as one of the major sites for the study of urban life in the Southern Levant during the Early Iron Age (c. 1130–950 BCE). Its size, accessibility by major trade routes, and strategic location between different spheres of cultural and political influence make Tēl Kinrōt an ideal place for studying the interaction of various cultures on urban sites, as well as to approach questions of ethnicity and regionalism during one of the most debated periods in the history of the ancient Levant. The paper will briefly discuss the settlement history of the site during the Early Iron Age. However, the main focus will lie on the material culture of the late Iron Age IB city that rapidly evolved to a regional center during the transition from the 11th to the 10th century BCE. During this period, ancient Kinneret features a multitude of cultural influences that reach from Egypt via the Central Hill Country until the Northern parts of Syria and the Amuq region. While there are indisputably close ties with the ‘Aramaean’ realm, there are also strong indications that there were – at the same time – vivid socio-economic links with the West, i.e. the Southern and Northern Mediterranean coasts and their hinterland. It will be argued that the resulting ‘cultural blend’ is a typical characteristic of the material culture of the Northern Jordan Rift Valley in the advent of the emerging regional powers of the Iron Age II.

International und interdisziplinär. Archäologie und Umweltwissenschaften heute

Wissenschaftliche Projekte gelten heute als besonders erfolgversprechend, wenn sich verschiedene Disziplinen zusammenschließen, um offene Fragen aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln zu beleuchten. Interdisziplinarität ist in der archäologischen Forschung des 21. Jahrhunderts fest verankert und insbesondere die prähistorische Archäologie erarbeitet heute zahlreiche Erkenntnisse im Verbund mit verschiedenen Naturwissenschaften. Seit 2015 erforschen je drei archäologische und paläoökologische Arbeitsgruppen eine Pfahlbauregion und ihr Hinterland mit neuen Methoden und Forschungsansätzen. Ausgangspunkt sind jeweils Kleinseen im schweizerischen Mittelland (Burgäschisee), im westlichen Allgäu (Seen und Moore um den Schleinsee und Degersee) und im Salzburger Land (Seengruppe um den Mondsee). Beteiligt sind die Universitäten Bern, Wien, Innsbruck und Basel sowie das Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart mit insgesamt rund 20 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern. Es handelt sich um das erste länderübergreifende Forschungsprojekt seit Anerkennung der Pfahlbauten des Alpenraums als UNESCO Welterbe im Jahr 2011 und es erfüllt eine der Kernforderungen dieser Auszeichnung – internationale Zusammenarbeit und Austausch von Wissen und Methoden.