Tintenfass und Teleskop. Galileo Galilei im Schnittpunkt wissenschaftlicher, literarischer und visueller Kulturen im 17. Jahrhundert

Die Figur Galileo Galilei ist für die europäische Wissenschaftsgeschichte, für die Kulturwissenschaften und für eine wissensgeschichtlich orientierte Literatur- und Kunstwissenschaft von großem Interesse. In diesem Band werden die Überschneidungen, Wechselwirkungen und Transferprozesse zwischen den wissenschaftlichen und kulturellen Dimensionen untersucht, die für Galileis Profilierung als frühneuzeitlicher Wissenschaftler ebenso wichtig sind wie für die im weiteren Sinn kulturelle Wahrnehmung seiner Entdeckungen und seiner Schriften – vor allem in Literatur und Kunst. Der Band ist interdisziplinär konzipiert, um die fachlichen Einzelperspektiven von Literatur-, Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaftlern sowie Wissenschaftshistorikern zusammenzuführen. Analysiert werden Formen und Funktionen der Produktion, Konzeptualisierung und Repräsentation von Wissen sowie Aspekte der Diskussion und Diffusion von Galileis Wissensansprüchen im Kontext der Frühen Neuzeit. Mit dieser Fokussierung auf die im Schnittbereich verschiedener kultureller Formationen angesiedelte Etablierung Galileis liefert der Band somit einen Beitrag zur interdisziplinären Erforschung von Galileis Rolle und Rezeption in der europäischen Kultur- und Wissensgeschichte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sprachen: Deutsch, Englisch, Italienisch

Galileo Orbit and Clock Quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment

The Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) aims at the data collection and analysis of all available satellite navigation systems. In particular the new global and regional satellite navigation systems are of interest, i.e., the European Galileo, the Chinese BeiDou, the Japanese QZSS as well as satellite based augmentation systems. This article analyzes the orbit and clock quality of the Galileo products of four MGEX analysis centers for a common time period of 20 weeks. Orbit comparisons of the individual analysis centers have a consistency at the 5–30 cm level. Day boundary discontinuities range from 4 to 28 cm whereas 2-day orbit fit RMS values vary between 1 and 7 cm. The accuracy evaluated by satellite laser ranging residuals is on the one decimeter level with a systematic bias of about −5 cm for all analysis centers. In addition, systematic errors on the decimeter level related to solar radiation pressure mismodeling are present in all orbit products. Due to the correlation of radial orbit errors with the clock parameters, these errors are also visible as a bump in the Allan deviation of the Galileo satellite clocks at the orbital frequency.

Estimation of satellite antenna phase center offsets for Galileo

Satellite antenna phase center offsets for the GalileoInOrbitValidation(IOV) and FullOperationalCapability (FOC) satellites are estimated by two different analysiscenters based on tracking data of a global GNSS network. The mean x- and y-offsets could be determined with a precision of a few centimeters. However, daily estimates of thex-offsets of the IOV satellites show pronounced systematic effects with a peak-to-peak amplitude of up to 70 cm that depend on the orbit model and the elevation of the Sun above the orbital plane. For the IOV y-offsets, no dependence on the orbit model exists but the scatter strongly depends on the elevation of the Sun above the orbital plane. In general, these systematic effects are significantly smaller for the FOC satellites. The z-offsets of the two analysis centers agree within the 10–15 cm level, and the time series do not show systematic effects. The application of an averaged Galileo satellite antenna model obtained from the two solutions results in a reduction of orbit day boundary discontinuities by up to one third—even if an independent software package is used.

Whole-body vibration dosage alters leg blood flow

The effect of whole-body vibration dosage on leg blood flow was investigated. Nine healthy young adult males completed a set of 14 random vibration and non-vibration exercise bouts whilst squatting on a Galileo 900 plate. Six vibration frequencies ranging from 5 to 30 Hz (5 Hz increments) were used in combination with a 2.5 mm and 4.5 mm amplitude to produce twelve 1-min vibration bouts. Subjects also completed two 1-min bouts where no vibration was applied. Systolic and diastolic diameters of the common femoral artery and blood cell velocity were measured by an echo Doppler ultrasound in a standing or rest condition prior to the bouts and during and after each bout. Repeated measures MANOVAs were used in the statistical analysis. Compared with the standing condition, the exercise bouts produced a four-fold increase in mean blood cell velocity (P<0.001) and a two-fold increase in peak blood cell velocity (P<0.001). Compared to the non-vibration bouts, frequencies of 10-30 Hz increased mean blood cell velocity by approximately 33% (P<0.01) whereas 20-30 Hz increased peak blood cell velocity by approximately 27% (P<0.01). Amplitude was additive to frequency but only achieved significance at 30 Hz (P<0.05). Compared with the standing condition, squatting alone produced significant increases in mean and peak blood cell velocity (P<0.001). The results show leg blood flow increased during the squat or non-vibration bouts and systematically increased with frequency in the vibration bouts.