18 resultados para Fertig, Melinda

em BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs) sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (ERL) often induce proteinuria due to glomerular but also tubular dysfunction in transplant patients. The beneficial effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) has been reported.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

BACKGROUND: Rapamycines, sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (ERL), are proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs). PSI therapy often leads to edema. We hypothesized that increased oxidative stress in response to PSIs may modulate the expression of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin on endothelial cells (ECs) and, subsequently, vascular permeability, which in turn may be involved in the development of edema. METHODS: Experiments were performed on human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Oxidative stress was measured by dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. Expression of VE-cadherin was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis. Endothelial "permeability" was assessed using a transwell model. RESULTS: SRL and ERL, at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 nmol/liter, enhanced oxidative stress (SRL: 24 +/- 12%, 29 +/- 9%, 41 +/- 13% [p < 0.05, in all three cases]; ERL: 13 +/- 10%, 27 +/- 2%, 40 +/- 12% [p < 0.05, in the latter two cases], respectively) on HUVECs, which was inhibited by the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and, to a lesser extent, by the specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, N-Omega-nitro-L-arginine methylester. By the use of NAC, VE-cadherin expression remained comparable with control, according to both immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. Permeability was significantly increased by SRL and ERL at 100 nmol/liter (29.5 +/- 6.4% and 33.8 +/- 4.2%, respectively); however, co-treatment with NAC abrogated the increased permeability. CONCLUSIONS: EC homeostasis, as indicated by VE-cadherin expression, may be damaged by SRL and ERL, but resolved by the anti-oxidant NAC.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an essential protein of adherens junctions of endothelial cells and plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) deficient mice display defects in fetal vascular development. Blocking mTOR or the upstream kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) led to a dose-dependently decrease of the VE-cadherin mRNA and protein expression. Immunofluorescent staining showed a strongly decreased expression of VE-cadherin at the interface of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) followed by intercellular gap formation. Herewith, we demonstrated that the expression of VE-cadherin is dependent on mTOR and PI3K signaling.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Das Werk eröffnet eine Serie von Bänden, die sich die Publikation der wichtigsten Materialien zum Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuch zum Ziel gesetzt hat. Sie sollen den Berner Kommentar zum Schweizerischen Privatrecht um eine kodifikationshistorische Dimension ergänzen und den Ausgangspunkt für die Erläuterungen zum geltenden Recht bilden. Der erste Band ist eigens auf die Centenarfeier des ZGB am 10. Dezember 2007 hin fertig gestellt worden. Er enthält mit den Erläuterungen zum Vorentwurf des Eidg. Justiz- und Polizeidepartements von 1900 das vielleicht schönste und anregendste, sicher aber das monumentalste Werk der Materialien. Es zeugt vom magistralen Überblick Eugen Hubers über den zivilrechtlichen Rechtsstoff und einer Weitsicht, die noch heute Vorbild jeder Gesetzgebungsarbeit sein sollte. Erstmals seit Jahrzehnten wird es wieder einem breiteren Publikum in originalgetreuer Form zugänglich gemacht. Zwecks prägnanter Zitierbarkeit sind Randnoten hinzugefügt worden. Ein Stichwortverzeichnis garantiert die schnelle Auffindbarkeit der Textstellen.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Anti-human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA I) antibodies were shown to activate several protein kinases in endothelial cells (ECs), which induces proliferation and cell survival. An important phenomenon in antibody-mediated rejection is the occurrence of interstitial edema. We investigated the effect of anti-HLA I antibodies on endothelial proliferation and permeability, as one possible underlying mechanism of edema formation. HLA I antibodies increased the permeability of cultured ECs isolated from umbilical veins. Anti-HLA I antibodies induced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ECs, which activated VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in an autocrine manner. Activated VEGFR2 led to a c-Src-dependent phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and its degradation. Aberrant VE-cadherin expression resulted in impaired adherens junctions, which might lead to increased endothelial permeability. This effect was only observed after cross-linking of HLA I molecules by intact antibodies. Furthermore, our results suggest that increased endothelial proliferation following anti-HLA I treatment occurs via autocrine VEGFR2 activation. Our data indicate the ability of anti-HLA I to induce VEGF production in ECs. Transactivation of VEGFR2 leads to increased EC proliferation and paracellular permeability. The autocrine effect of VEGF on endothelial permeability might be an explanation for the formation of interstitial edema after transplantation.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Background: WHO's 2013 revisions to its Consolidated Guidelines on antiretroviral drugs recommend routine viral load monitoring, rather than clinical or immunological monitoring, as the preferred monitoring approach on the basis of clinical evidence. However, HIV programmes in resource-limited settings require guidance on the most cost-effective use of resources in view of other competing priorities such as expansion of antiretroviral therapy coverage. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of alternative patient monitoring strategies. Methods: We evaluated a range of monitoring strategies, including clinical, CD4 cell count, and viral load monitoring, alone and together, at different frequencies and with different criteria for switching to second-line therapies. We used three independently constructed and validated models simultaneously. We estimated costs on the basis of resource use projected in the models and associated unit costs; we quantified impact as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. We compared alternatives using incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Findings: All models show that clinical monitoring delivers significant benefit compared with a hypothetical baseline scenario with no monitoring or switching. Regular CD4 cell count monitoring confers a benefit over clinical monitoring alone, at an incremental cost that makes it affordable in more settings than viral load monitoring, which is currently more expensive. Viral load monitoring without CD4 cell count every 6—12 months provides the greatest reductions in morbidity and mortality, but incurs a high cost per DALY averted, resulting in lost opportunities to generate health gains if implemented instead of increasing antiretroviral therapy coverage or expanding antiretroviral therapy eligibility. Interpretation: The priority for HIV programmes should be to expand antiretroviral therapy coverage, firstly at CD4 cell count lower than 350 cells per μL, and then at a CD4 cell count lower than 500 cells per μL, using lower-cost clinical or CD4 monitoring. At current costs, viral load monitoring should be considered only after high antiretroviral therapy coverage has been achieved. Point-of-care technologies and other factors reducing costs might make viral load monitoring more affordable in future. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, WHO.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The paramyxovirus entry machinery consists of two glycoproteins that tightly cooperate to achieve membrane fusion for cell entry: the tetrameric attachment protein (HN, H, or G, depending on the paramyxovirus genus) and the trimeric fusion protein (F). Here, we explore whether receptor-induced conformational changes within morbillivirus H proteins promote membrane fusion by a mechanism requiring the active destabilization of prefusion F or by the dissociation of prefusion F from intracellularly preformed glycoprotein complexes. To properly probe F conformations, we identified anti-F monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize conformation-dependent epitopes. Through heat treatment as a surrogate for H-mediated F triggering, we demonstrate with these MAbs that the morbillivirus F trimer contains a sufficiently high inherent activation energy barrier to maintain the metastable prefusion state even in the absence of H. This notion was further validated by exploring the conformational states of destabilized F mutants and stabilized soluble F variants combined with the use of a membrane fusion inhibitor (3g). Taken together, our findings reveal that the morbillivirus H protein must lower the activation energy barrier of metastable prefusion F for fusion triggering.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Biografische Übergänge unterbrechen den Lebensverlauf, lösen Menschen aus gewohnten Zusammenhängen und erfordern eine Reorganisation des Lebens. Übergänge verändern Rollen, Beziehungen und Identitäten; sie führen zu einer veränderten Selbst- und Umweltwahrnehmung und häufig zu einem emotionalen Ungleichgewicht. Allerdings gibt es grosse Unterschiede im Umgang mit diesen Herausforderungen. Was macht aus, dass Übergänge von den einen als Entwicklungschance wahrgenommen werden und bei anderen eine Dauerkrise auslösen? Die menschliche Entwicklung kann als eine Abfolge von stabilen und instabilen Phasen angesehen werden. Die instabilen Phasen – die Übergänge von einer stabilen Phase zur anderen – sind je nach auslösendem Faktor mehr oder weniger vorhersehbar. So sind altersnormierte Übergänge wie etwa Pubertät, Menopause oder die Pensionierung besser vorausseh- und planbar, dies im Gegensatz zu nicht-altersnormierten, «stillen» (d.h. gesellschaftlich weniger sichtbaren) Übergängen wie Scheidungen, schwere Erkrankungen oder Arbeitsplatzverlust, welche weit weniger kontrollierbar, dafür umso stressvoller sind. In jedem Falle handelt es sich dabei um Perioden des Umbruchs und der beschleunigten Entwicklung, gekennzeichnet durch Rollentransformationen, konkret durch das Aufgeben alter Rollen und der Auseinandersetzung mit neu zu definierenden Selbstbildern und sozialen Rollen. Übergänge können je nach verfügbaren physischen, psychischen und sozialen Ressourcen im besseren Falle Herausforderungen mit neuen Chancen, im schlechteren Falle jedoch schwer zu überwindende Lebenskrisen und chronischen Stress bedeuten. Stressreiche Übergangsphasen Lebensläufe sind in der heutigen Zeit generell weniger sozial genormt. Sie sind zunehmend geprägt von stillen und zum Teil bislang off-time»-Übergängen wie etwa Scheidungen nach langjährigen Ehen. Aus diesem Grunde sind biografische Übergänge immer weniger voraussehbar und immer mehr eine private bzw. individuelle Angelegenheit geworden. Früherkennung und soziale Unterstützung sind allerdings wichtige Faktoren, um biografische Übergänge zu bewältigen. Ein wichtiger Punkt bei der Prävention ist deshalb die Identifikation solcher Übergangsphasen, die besonders stressreich sind, die aber gesellschaftlich als eine «rein private Angelegenheit » angesehen werden. Das mittlere Lebensalter als empfindliche Phase Aus der Forschung wissen wir, dass das mittlere Lebensalter aufgrund gehäufter stiller Übergänge (wie etwa Scheidungen, berufliche Neuorientierungen, plötzliche Pflegebedürftigkeit der Eltern), insbesondere aber durch die hohe Verantwortung in multiplen Rollen in Partnerschaft, Familie, Beruf und Gesellschaft, eine stressreiche und vulnerable Phase ist. Dies zeigt sich etwa in der hohen Inzidenz von Depressionen und Suiziden in dieser Altersgruppe. Hierbei zeigen sich bedeutsame Geschlechter- und Altersgruppenunterschiede bei der Bewältigung. So versuchen etwa Männer weit mehr als Frauen mit Partnerschaftsstress und mit den Folgen einer Scheidung alleine fertig zu werden. Im Gegenzug suchen Frauen weit mehr Unterstützung bei Freunden sowie in einer professionellen Beratung. Es zeigt sich aber auch, dass der Effekt für ältere Männer (also 60+) weit stärker ist als bei jüngeren (40- bis 59-Jährige). Dieses Ergebnis widerspiegelt die Tatsache, dass die unterschiedliche Geschlechtsrollensozialisation der beiden Männer-Altersgruppen einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Effekt hat – und darin liegt ein grosses Präventionspotential. Ein zentrales Forschungsergebnis ist zudem, dass ein grosser Teil der Betroffenen sich nach solchen biografischen Wendepunkten gut erholt, einige sogar sehr gut, eine Minderheit aber vulnerabel bleibt. Prävention Das Wissen um die unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen bei der individuellen Bewältigung von stressreichen biografischen Übergängen ist von grosser präventiver Relevanz. Dabei geht es primär um resilienzfördernde Strategien, gleichzeitig aber auch um die Schaffung günstiger Kontextbedingungen für Früherkennung und Beratung.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Reflexe, Radio SRF2Kultur Interview, Dagmar Walser, 31. Oktober 2014 Ausgangslage: Es häufen sich derzeit die Umbauten, die notwendigen Renovationen von Theaterhäusern, die in die Jahre gekommen sind. Das Theater Solothurn wird im Januar nach einem längeren Umbau fertig, in Bern endet die Spielzeit nächsten Frühling früher wegen der Renovationen, in Baden am Kurtheater wurde der längst notwendige Umbau wieder einmal verschoben Wie hängen Architektur und Ästhetik zusammen? Wie spielt man in einem historischen Ambiente zeitgenössische Stoffe? Weshalb werden Volksabstimmungen für den Erhalt der Theater jeweils hoch angenommen, und klagen die Theater doch über Publikumsschwund? Fragen, die ich dem Professor für Theaterwissenschaft Andreas Kotte in Bern stellen will.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Background Aerosolized vaccine can be used as a needle-free method of immunization against measles, a disease that remains a major cause of illness and death. Data on the immunogenicity of aerosolized vaccine against measles in children are inconsistent. Methods We conducted an open-label noninferiority trial involving children 9.0 to 11.9 months of age in India who were eligible to receive a first dose of measles vaccine. Children were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of vaccine by means of either aerosol inhalation or a subcutaneous injection. The primary end points were seropositivity for antibodies against measles and adverse events 91 days after vaccination. The noninferiority margin was 5 percentage points. Results A total of 1001 children were assigned to receive aerosolized vaccine, and 1003 children were assigned to receive subcutaneous vaccine; 1956 of all the children (97.6%) were followed to day 91, but outcome data were missing for 331 children because of thawed specimens. In the per-protocol population, data on 1560 of 2004 children (77.8%) could be evaluated. At day 91, a total of 662 of 775 children (85.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82.5 to 88.0) in the aerosol group, as compared with 743 of 785 children (94.6%; 95% CI, 92.7 to 96.1) in the subcutaneous group, were seropositive, a difference of -9.2 percentage points (95% CI, -12.2 to -6.3). Findings were similar in the full-analysis set (673 of 788 children in the aerosol group [85.4%] and 754 of 796 children in the subcutaneous group [94.7%] were seropositive at day 91, a difference of -9.3 percentage points [95% CI, -12.3 to -6.4]) and after multiple imputation of missing results. No serious adverse events were attributable to measles vaccination. Adverse-event profiles were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Aerosolized vaccine against measles was immunogenic, but, at the prespecified margin, the aerosolized vaccine was inferior to the subcutaneous vaccine with respect to the rate of seropositivity. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Measles Aerosol Vaccine Project Clinical Trials Registry-India number, CTRI/2009/091/000673 .).

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Przewalski's horses (PHs, Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii) were discovered in the Asian steppes in the 1870s and represent the last remaining true wild horses. PHs became extinct in the wild in the 1960s but survived in captivity, thanks to major conservation efforts. The current population is still endangered, with just 2,109 individuals, one-quarter of which are in Chinese and Mongolian reintroduction reserves [1]. These horses descend from a founding population of 12 wild-caught PHs and possibly up to four domesticated individuals [2-4]. With a stocky build, an erect mane, and stripped and short legs, they are phenotypically and behaviorally distinct from domesticated horses (DHs, Equus caballus). Here, we sequenced the complete genomes of 11 PHs, representing all founding lineages, and five historical specimens dated to 1878-1929 CE, including the Holotype. These were compared to the hitherto-most-extensive genome dataset characterized for horses, comprising 21 new genomes. We found that loci showing the most genetic differentiation with DHs were enriched in genes involved in metabolism, cardiac disorders, muscle contraction, reproduction, behavior, and signaling pathways. We also show that DH and PH populations split ∼45,000 years ago and have remained connected by gene-flow thereafter. Finally, we monitor the genomic impact of ∼110 years of captivity, revealing reduced heterozygosity, increased inbreeding, and variable introgression of domestic alleles, ranging from non-detectable to as much as 31.1%. This, together with the identification of ancestry informative markers and corrections to the International Studbook, establishes a framework for evaluating the persistence of genetic variation in future reintroduced populations.